Aminothiazole inhibitors of cyclin dependent kinases

ABSTRACT

Compounds of the formula                    
     and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. 
     R 1  and R 2  are independently hydrogen, fluorine or alkyl; 
     R 3  is aryl or heteroaryl 
     R 4  is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkylalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl; 
     m is an integer of 0 to 2; and 
     n is an integer of 1 to 3. 
     The compounds of formula I are protein kinase inhibitors and are useful in the treatment and prevention of proliferative diseases, for example, cancer, inflammation and arthritis. They may also be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer&#39;s disease, cardiovascular diseases, viral diseases and fungal diseases.

This application is a CIP of Ser. No. 09/176,239, Oct. 21, 1998 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,040,321 which claims priority from No. 60/005,195 Nov. 12, 1997.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to compounds of the formula

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. As used in formula I, and throughout the specification, the symbols have the following meanings:

R₁ and R₂ are independently hydrogen, fluorine or alkyl;

R₃ is aryl or heteroaryl

R₄ is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkylalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl; or

CO-alkyl, CO-cycloalkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkyl-cycloalkyl, CO-alkyl-aryl, CO-heteroaryl, CO-alkyl-heteroaryl, CO-heterocycloalkyl, CO-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or

CONH-alkyl, CONH-cycloalkyl, CONH-aryl, CONH-alkyl-cycloalkyl, CONH-alkyl-aryl, CONH-heteroaryl, CONH-alkyl-heteroaryl, CONH-heterocycloalkyl, CONH-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or

COO-alkyl, COO-cycloalkyl, COO-aryl, COO-alkyl-cycloalkyl, COO-alkyl-aryl, COO-heteroaryl, COO-alkyl-heteroaryl, COO-heterocycloalkyl, COO-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or

SO₂-cycloalkyl, SO₂-aryl, SO₂-alkyl-cycloalkyl, SO₂-alkyl-aryl, SO₂-heteroaryl, SO₂-alkyl-heteroaryl, SO₂-heterocycloalkyl, SO₂-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or

C(NCN)NH-alkyl, C(NCN)NH-cycloalkyl, C(NCN)NH-aryl, C(NCNNH)-alkyl-cycloalkyl, C(NCN)NH-alkyl-aryl, C(NCN)NH-heteroaryl, C(NCN)NH-alkyl-heteroaryl, C(NCN)NH-heterocycloalkyl, C(NCN)NH-alkyl-heterocylcoalkyl; or

C(NNO₂)NH-alkyl, C(NNO₂)NH-cycloalkyl, C(NNO₂)NH-aryl, C(NNO₂)NH-alkyl-cycloalkyl, C(NNO₂)NH-alkyl-aryl, C(NNO₂)NH-heteroaryl, C(NNO₂)NH-alkyl-heteroaryl, C(NNO₂)NH-heterocyloalkyl, C(NNO₂)NH-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or

C(NH)NH-alkyl, C(NH)NH-cycloalkyl, C(NH)NH-aryl, C(NH)NH-alkyl-cycloalkyl, C(NH)NH-alkyl-aryl, C(NH)NH-heteroaryl, C(NH)NH-alkyl-heteroaryl, C(NH)NH-heterocycloalkyl, C(NH)NH-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or

C(NH)NHCO-alkyl, C(NH)NHCO-cycloalkyl, C(NH)NHCO-aryl, C(NH)NHCO-alkyl-cycloalkyl, C(NH)NHCO-alkyl-aryl, C(NH)NHCO-heteroaryl, C(NH)NHCO-alkyl-heteroaryl, C(NH)NHCO-heterocylcloalkyl, C(NH)NHCO-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or

C(NOR₆)NH-alkyl, C(NOR₆)NH-cycloalkyl, C(NOR₆)NH-aryl, C(NOR₆)NH-alkyl-cycloalkyl, C(NOR₆)NH-alkyl-aryl, C(NOR₆)NH-heteroaryl, C(NOR₆)NH-alkyl-heteroaryl, C(NOR₆)NH-heterocylcoalkyl, C(NOR₆)NH-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl;

R₅ is hydrogen or alkyl;

R₆ is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkylakyl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl;

m is an integer of 0 to 2; and

n is an integer of 1 to 3.

The compounds of formula I are protein kinase inhibitors and are useful in the treatment and prevention of proliferative diseases, for example, cancer, inflammation and arthritis. They may also be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular diseases, viral diseases and fungal diseases.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides for compounds of formula I, pharmaceutical compositions employing such compounds and for methods of using such compounds.

Listed below are definitions of various terms used to describe the compounds of the instant invention. These definitions apply to the terms as they are used throughout the specification (unless they are otherwise limited in specific instances) either individually or as part of a larger group.

It should be noted that any heteroatom with unsatisfied valances is assumed to have the hydrogen atom to satisfy the valances.

Carboxylate anion refers to a negatively charged group —COO⁻.

The term “alkyl” or “alk” refers to a monovalent alkane (hydrocarbon) derived radical containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms unless otherwise defined. An alkyl group is an optionally substituted straight, branched or cyclic saturated hydrocarbon group. When substituted, alkyl groups may be substituted with up to four substituent groups, R as defined, at any available point of attachment. When the alkyl group is said to be substituted with an alkyl group, this is used interchangeably with “branched alkyl group”. Exemplary unsubstituted such groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, hexyl, isohexyl, heptyl, 4,4-dimethylpentyl, octyl, 2,2,4-trimethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, and the like. Exemplary substituents may include but are not limited to one or more of the following groups: halo (such as F, Cl, Br, I), haloalkyl (such as CCl₃ or CF3), alkoxy, alkylthio, hydroxy, carboxy (—COOH), alkyloxycarbonyl (—C(O)R), alkylcarbonyloxy (—OCOR), amino (—NH₂), carbamoyl (—NHCOOR— or —OCONHR—), urea (—NHCONHR—) or thiol (—SH). Alkyl groups as defined may also comprise one or more carbon to carbon double bonds or one or more carbon to carbon triple bonds.

The term “alkenyl” refers to a hydrocarbon radical straight, branched or cyclic containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one carbon to carbon double bond.

The term “alkynyl” refers to a hydrocarbon radical straight, branched or cyclic containing from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and at least one carbon to carbon triple bond.

Cycloalkyl is a specie of alkyl containing from 3 to 15 carbon atoms, without alternating or resonating double bonds between carbon atoms. It may contain from 1 to 4 rings. Exemplary unsubstituted such groups include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, etc. Exemplary substituents include one or more of the following groups: halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, alkyl hydroxy, amino, nitro, cyano, thiol and/or alkylthio.

The terms “alkoxy” or “alkylthio”, as used herein, denote an alkyl group as described above bonded through an oxygen linkage (—O—) or a sulfur linkage (—S—), respectively.

The term “alkyloxycarbonyl”, as used herein, denotes an alkoxy group bonded through a carbonyl group. An alkoxycarbonyl radical is represented by the formula: —C(O)OR, where the R group is a straight or branched C₁₋₆ alkyl group.

The term “alkylcarbonyl” refers to an alkyl group bonded through a carbonyl group.

The term “alkylcarbonyloxy”, as used herein, denotes an alkylcarbonyl group which is bonded through an oxygen linkage.

The term “arylalkyl”, as used herein, denotes an aromatic ring bonded to an alkyl group as described above.

The term “aryl” refers to monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic rings, e.g. phenyl, substituted phenyl and the like, as well as groups which are fused, e.g., napthyl, phenanthrenyl and the like. An aryl group thus contains at least one ring having at least 6 atoms, with up to five such rings being present, containing up to 22 atoms therein, with alternating (resonating) double bonds between adjacent carbon atoms or suitable heteroatoms. Aryl groups may optionally be substituted with one or more groups including, but not limited to halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, carboxy, carbamoyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, amino, cycloalkyl, cyano, alkyl S(O)_(m) (m=0, 1, 2), or thiol.

The term “heteroaryl” refers to a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group having 5 or 6 ring atoms, or a bicyclic aromatic group having 8 to 10 atoms, containing at least one heteroatom, O, S, or N, in which a carbon or nitrogen atom is the point of attachment, and in which one or two additional carbon atoms is optionally replaced by a heteroatom selected from O or S, and in which from 1 to 3 additional carbon atoms are optionally replaced by nitrogen heteroatoms, said heteroaryl group being optionally substituted as described herein. Exemplary heteroaryl groups include the following: thienyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, pyridinyl, imidazolyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, triazolyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinal, triazinylazepinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzofurazanyl and tetrahydropyranyl. Exemplary substituents include one or more of the following: halogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, carboxy, carbamoyl, alkyloxycarbonyl, trifluoromethyl, cycloalkyl, nitro, cyano, amino, alkylS(O)_(m) (m=0, 1, 2), or thiol.

The term “heteroarylium” refers to heteroaryl groups bearing a quaternary nitrogen atom and thus a positive charge.

The term “heterocycloalkyl” refers to a cycloalkyl group (nonaromatic) in which one of the carbon atoms in the ring is replaced by a heteroatom selected from O, S or N, and in which up to three additional carbon atoms may be replaced by said heteroatoms.

The term “quaternary nitrogen” refers to a tetravalent positively charged nitrogen atom including, e.g. the positively charged nitrogen in a tetraalkylammonium group (e.g. tetramethylammonium, N-methylpyridinium), the positively charged nitrogen in protonated ammonium species (e.g. trimethylhydroammonium, N-hydropyridinium), the positively charged nitrogen in amine N-oxides (e.g. N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide, pyridine -N-oxide), and the positively charged nitrogen in an N-amino-ammonium group (e.g. N-aminopyridinium).

The term “heteroatom” means O, S or N, selected on an independent basis.

The term “halogen” or “halo” refers to chlorine, bromine, fluorine or iodine.

When a functional group is termed “protected”, this means that the group is in modified form to preclude undesired side reactions at the protected site. Suitable protecting groups for the compounds of the present invention will be recognized from the present application taking into account the level of skill in the art, and with reference to standard textbooks, such as Greene, T. W. et al., Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Wiley, N.Y. (1991).

Suitable examples of salts of the compounds according to the invention with inorganic or organic acids are hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, phosphate. Salts which are unsuitable for pharmaceutical uses but which can be employed, for example, for the isolation or purification of free compounds I or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are also included.

All stereoisomers of the compounds of the instant invention are contemplated, either in admixture or in pure or substantially pure form. The definition of the compounds according to the invention embraces all possible stereoisomers and their mixtures. It very particularly embraces the racemic forms and the isolated optical isomers having the specified activity. The racemic forms can be resolved by physical methods, such as, for example, fractional crystallization, separation or crystallization of diastereomeric derivatives or separation by chiral column chromatography. The individual optical isomers can be obtained from the racemates by conventional methods, such as, for example, salt formation with an optically active acid followed by crystallization.

It should be understood that solvates (e.g., hydrates) of the compounds of formula I are also within the scope of the present invention. Methods of solvation are generally known in the art. Accordingly, the compounds of the instant invention may be in the free or hydrate form, and may be obtained by methods exemplified by the following schemes.

As illustrated in Scheme 1, compounds of formula I where X is S are prepared by reacting 2-aminothiazole (II) with bromine in the presence of sodium or potassium thiocyanate to obtain a thiocyanated aminothiazole, specifically 5-thiocyanatoaminothiazole (III). Compound III is then reacted with R₄-L, where L is a leaving group such as a halogen, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine to provide a 5-thiocyanatothiazole intermediate (IV), where R₄ is as defined in the specification. The intermediate (IV) is then reduced to a thiol (V) using reducing agents such as dithiothreitol (DTT), sodium borohydride, zinc or other known reducing agents. Compound (V) is then reacted with alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl halides, such as R₃ (CR₁R₂)_(n)—L, where L is a leaving group such as a halogen, in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate to obtain compounds of formula I. The steps of reducing the thiocyanothiazole intermediate (IV) to the thiol (V), and the reaction of the reduced thiol (V) to provide compounds of formula I where X is S, may be carried out sequentially without purification.

In Scheme 2, 5-thioacetyl-2-acetylaminothiazole of structure VI is reacted with an alkoxide such as potassium t-butoxide in alcohol or THF solvent and the resulting thiol is reacted in situ with a group of formula R₃(CR₁R₂)_(n)—L (where L is a leaving group, such as a halogen) such as 2-halomethyloxazole (VII) to provide a compound such as formula VIII, wherein R₁ and R₂ are hydrogen, and R₆ is acetyl. The 2-halomethyloxazole compounds of formula VII may be prepared using several synthetic routes known in the art. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 30, 1865 (1982); Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan (52, 3597 (1979); JCS Chem. Comm. 322 (1981); Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry, vol. 6, 177, edited by A. Katritzky and C. W. Rees, Pergamon Press (1984).

Compounds of formula VIII (a compound of formula I where R₄ is acetyl and X is sulfur) can be hydrolyzed in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide to provide a compound of formula IX. A compound of formula IX may then be reacted with R₄—L, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, where L is a leaving group such as a halogen, to give compounds of formula I where X is sulfur. In this manner, compounds of formula IX, which is a compound of formula I where R₄ is hydrogen, can be treated with agents such as isothiocyanates, halides, acyl halides, chloroformates, isocyanates or sulfonyl chlorides to provide thioureas, amines, amides, carbamates, ureas or sulfonamides. The procedures in Scheme 2 specifically illustrate a methyloxazole group, but are general for all R₃(CR₁R₂)_(n)— groups specified by formula I.

Alternatively, compounds of formula VII, where L is bromine, may be prepared by halogenation of 2-methyloxazole using N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of dibenzoylperoxide.

Scheme 3 illustrates an alternative method of preparing compound VII, which is a compound of formula R₃(CR₁R₂)_(n)—L where L is chlorine and n is the integer 1. In this scheme, compound VII is prepared by the reaction of a compound of formula X and formula XI in the presence of a base such as triethylamine to provide compounds of formula XII. Compound XII may be oxidized by an oxidant such as oxalylchloride/DMSO in the presence of a base such as triethylamine to provide a compound of formula XIII which may be cyclized by an agent such as phosphorous oxychloride to provide compounds of formula VII, wherein L is chlorine. Alternatively, compounds of formula XIII may be prepared by reaction of the amino ketone correponding to X with an acid chloride such as XI.

Compounds of formula VII, where L is chlorine, may also be prepared from the reaction of diazoketones as illustrated by formula XIV in Scheme 4 with chloronitriles, such as indicated by formula XV, in the presence of BF₃ etherate to provide compounds of formula VII, wherein L is chlorine.

In Scheme 5, starting compound XVI denotes a resin-bound benzyl alcohol support used for solid phase synthesis which is prepared from a Merrifield resin denoted as and 2-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, followed by reduction with reducing agents such as NaBH₄. In step 1, starting compound XVI is treated with triphosgene and triphenylphosphine (PPh₃) in dichloromethane to give the chlorobenzyl resin of formula XVII. In step 2, a thiocyanato trifluoroacetamide (XVIII) is alkylated with the resin-bound benzyl chloride (XVII) in the presence of diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) to form a resin-bound thiocyanate (XIX). The thiocyanato trifluoroacetamide compound of formula XVII is prepared by reacting 5-thiocyanatoaminothiazole of formula III (Scheme I) with trifluoroacetic anhydride using a base such as 2,6-lutidine.

The resin-bound thiocyanate (XIX) is then reduced to a resin-bound thiol (XX) in step 3 with reducing agent such as dithiothreitol (DTT) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and methanol. The resulting resin-bound thiol (XX) is reacted with R₃(CR₁R₂)_(n)—L, where L is a leaving group, in the presence of a base such as 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU) at 80 ° C. in dimethylformamide (DMF) to form compounds of formula XXI (step 4). Deprotection of the trifluoroacetyl group of compound XI is performed in step 5 using sodium borohydride to provide a compound of formula XXII. In step 6, the deprotected compound XXII is reacted with R6X, where X is a leaving group, in the presence of a base such as diisopropylethylamine to provide compounds of formula XXIII. The product is then cleaved from the solid phase resin in step 7 with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) to give compounds of formula I where X is sulfur. Compounds of formula I where X is S(O)_(m) and m is 1 or 2 may be prepared from compounds of formula I where m is 0 by oxidation with an oxidant such as sodium periodate, meta-chloroperbenzoic acid, or oxone.

Scheme 6 illustrates the preparation of compounds of formula I from a 2-bromo thiazole XXIV. A compound of formula IX is reacted with a diazotizing agent such as tBuONO in the presence of copper bromide to provide the exemplary 2-bromo thiazole of formula XXIV. Compound XXIV may then be reacted with a compound of formula R₄NH₂, with or without an added base, to provide compounds of formula I.

Compounds of formula I may also be prepared starting from 2-bromothiazole XXV by reaction with a compound of formula R₄NH₂, with or without an added base, to provide a compound of formula XXVI. The compound of formula XXVI may be reacted with a thiocyanating agent such as sodium thiocyanate in the presence of bromine to provide a compound of formula IV, that may then be converted to a compound of formula I as described in Scheme 1. Alternatively, the compound of formula XXVI may be treated with a brominating agent such as bromine in acetic acid to generate a compound XXVII. Compounds of formula XXVII may be reacted with either XXVIII or XXIX (themselves available from a compound of formula VII) in the presence of base to provide compounds of formula I.

The starting compounds of Schemes 1-7 are commercially available or may be prepared by methods known to one of ordinary skill in the art.

All compounds of formula I may be prepared by modification of the procedures described herein.

The preferred compounds of formula I are those where:

R₁ and R₂ are independently hydrogen, fluorine or alkyl;

wherein Y is oxygen, sulfur or NR₉;

R₄ is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkylalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl; or

CO-alkyl, CO-cycloalkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkyl-cycloalkyl, CO-alkyl-aryl, CO-heteroaryl, CO-alkyl-heteroaryl, CO-heterocycloalkyl, CO-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or

CONH-alkyl, CONH-cycloalkyl, CONH-aryl, CONH-alkyl-cycloalkyl, CONH-alkyl-aryl, CONH-heteroaryl, CONH-alkyl-heteroaryl, CONH-heterocycloalkyl, CONH-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or

COO-alkyl, COO-cycloalkyl, COO-aryl, COO-alkyl-cycloalkyl, COO-alkyl-aryl, COO-heteroaryl, COO-alkyl-heteroaryl, COO-heterocycloalkyl, COO-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or

SO₂-cycloalkyl, SO₂-aryl, SO₂-alkyl-cycloalkyl, SO₂-alkyl-aryl, SO₂-heteroaryl, SO₂-alkyl-heteroaryl, SO₂-heterocycloalkyl, SO₂-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or

C(NCN)NH-alkyl, C(NCN)NH-cycloalkyl, C(NCN)NH-aryl, C(NCNNH)-alkyl-cycloalkyl, C(NCN)NH-alkyl-aryl, C(NCN)NH-heteroaryl, C(NCN)NH-alkyl-heteroaryl, C(NCN)NH-heterocycloalkyl, C(NCN)NH-alkyl-heterocylcoalkyl; or

C(NNO₂)NH-alkyl, C(NNO₂)NH-cycloalkyl, C(NNO₂)NH-aryl, C(NNO₂)NH-alkyl -cycloalkyl, C(NNO₂)NH-alkyl-aryl, C(NNO₂)NH-heteroaryl, C(NNO₂)NH-alkyl-heteroaryl C(NNO₂)NH-heterocyloalkyl, C(NNO₂)NH-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or

C(NH)NH-alkyl, C(NH)NH-cycloalkyl, C(NH)NH-aryl, C(NH)NH-alkyl-cycloalkyl, C(NH)NH-alkyl-aryl, C(NH)NH-heteroaryl, C(NH)NH-alkyl-heteroaryl, C(NH)NH-heterocycloalkyl, C(NH)NH-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or

C(NH)NHCO-alkyl, C(NH)NHCO-cycloalkyl, C(NH)NHCO-aryl, C(NH)NHCO-alkyl-cycloalkyl, C(NH)NHCO-alkyl-aryl, C(NH)NHCO-heteroaryl, C(NH)NHCO-alkyl-heteroaryl, C(NH)NHCO-heterocylcloalkyl, C(NH)NHCO-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or

C(NOR₆)NH-alkyl, C(NOR₆)NH-cycloalkyl, C(NOR₆)NH-aryl, C(NOR₆)NH-alkyl-cycloalkyl, C(NOR₆)NH-alkyl-aryl, C(NOR₆)NH-heteroaryl, C(NOR₆)NH-alkyl-heteroaryl, C(NOR₆)NH-heterocylcoalkyl, C(NOR₆)NH-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl;

R₅ is hydrogen; and

R₆ is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkylakyl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl;

R₇ and R₈ are independently hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylcycloalkyl, alkylaryl, heteroaryl, alkylheteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, alkylheterocycloalkyl or halogen;

R₉ is H or alkyl;

m is the integer 0; and

n is the integer 1.

The most preferred compounds of formula I are those where:

R₁ is hydrogen;

R₂ is hydrogen, fluorine or alkyl;

R₃ is a substituted oxazole having the configuration:

R₄ is CO-alkyl, CO-alkyl-aryl, CO-cycloalkyl, CO-alkyl-heteroaryl, CO-alkyl-heteroalkyl, CO-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl;

R₅ is hydrogen;

R₇ is hydrogen;

R₈ is an alkyl group, such as tert-butyl;

m is the integer 0; and

n is the integer 1.

The compounds according to the invention have pharmacological properties; in particular, the compounds of formula I are inhibitors of protein kinases such as the cyclin dependent kinases (cdks), for example, cdc2 (cdk1), cdk2, and cdk4. The novel compounds of formula I are expected to be useful in the therapy of proliferative diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, viral diseases, fungal diseases, neurodegenerative disorders and cardiovascular disease.

More specifically, the compounds of formula I are useful in the treatment of a variety of cancers, including (but not limited to) the following:

carcinoma, including that of the bladder, breast, colon, kidney, liver, lung, including small cell lung cancer, esophagus, gall bladder, ovary, pancreas, stomach, cervix, thyroid, prostate, and skin, including squamous cell carcinoma;

hematopoietic tumors of lymphoid lineage, including leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkins lymphoma, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, hairy cell lymphoma and Burkett's lymphoma;

hematopoietic tumors of myeloid lineage, including acute and chronic myelogenous leukemias, myelodysplastic syndrome and promyelocytic leukemia;

tumors of mesenchymal origin, including fibrosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma;

tumors of the central and peripheral nervous system, including astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, glioma and schwannomas; and

other tumors, including melanoma, seminoma, teratocarcinoma, osteosarcoma, xenoderoma pigmentosum, keratoctanthoma, thyroid follicular cancer and Kaposi's sarcoma.

Due to the key role of cdks in the regulation of cellular proliferation in general, inhibitors could act as reversible cytostatic agents which may be useful in the treatment of any disease process which features abnormal cellular proliferation, e.g., benign prostate hyperplasia, familial adenomatosis polyposis, neuro-fibromatosis, atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, arthritis, psoriasis, glomerulonephritis, restenosis following angioplasty or vascular surgery, hypertrophic scar formation, inflammatory bowel disease, transplantation rejection, endotoxic shock, and fungal infections.

Compounds of formula I may also be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, as suggested by the recent finding that cdk5 is involved in the phosphorylation of tau protein (J. Biochem, 117, 741-749 (1995)).

Compounds of formula I may induce or inhibit apoptosis. The apoptotic response is aberrant in a variety of human diseases. Compounds of formula I, as modulators of apoptosis, will be useful in the treatment of cancer (including but not limited to those types mentioned hereinabove), viral infections (including but not limited to herpevirus, poxvirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Sindbis virus and adenovirus), prevention of AIDS development in HIV-infected individuals, autoimmune diseases (including but not limited to systemic lupus, erythematosus, autoimmune mediated glomerulonephritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and autoimmune diabetes mellitus), neurodegenerative disorders (including but not limited to Alzheimer's disease, AIDS-related dementia, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, retinitis pigmentosa, spinal muscular atrophy and cerebellar degeneration), myelodysplastic syndromes, a plastic anemia, ischemic injury associated with myocardial infarctions, stroke and reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, atherosclerosis, toxin-induced or alcohol related liver diseases, hematological diseases (including but not limited to chronic anemia and a plastic anemia), degenerative diseases of the musculoskeletal system (including but not limited to osteoporosis and arthritis) aspirin-sensitive rhinosinusitis, cystic fibrosis, multiple sclerosis, kidney diseases and cancer pain.

Compounds of formula I, as inhibitors of the cdks, can modulate the level of cellular RNA and DNA synthesis. These agents would therefore be useful in the treatment of viral infections (including but not limited to HIV, human papilloma virus, herpesvirus, poxvirus, Epstein-Barr virus, Sindbis virus and adenovirus).

Compounds of formula I may also be useful in the chemoprevention of cancer. Chemoprevention is defined as inhibiting the development of invasive cancer by either blocking the initiating mutagenic event or by blocking the progression of pre-malignant cells that have already suffered an insult or inhibiting tumor relapse.

Compounds of formula I may also be useful in inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and metastasis.

Compounds of formula I may also act as inhibitors of other protein kinases, e.g., protein kinase C, her2, raf 1, MEK1, MAP kinase, EGF receptor, PDGF receptor, IGF receptor, PI3 kinase, weel kinase, Src, Abl and thus be effective in the treatment of diseases associated with other protein kinases.

The compounds of this invention may also be useful in combination (administered together or sequentially) with known anti-cancer treatments such as radiation therapy or with cytostatic or cytotoxic agents, such as for example, but not limited to, DNA interactive agents, such as cisplatin or doxorubicin; topoisomerase II inhibitors, such as etoposide; topoisomerase I inhibitors such as CPT-11 or topotecan; tubulin interacting agents, such as paclitaxel, docetaxel or the epothilones; hormonal agents, such as tamoxifen; thymidilate synthase inhibitors, such as 5-fluorouracil; and anti-metabolites, such as methoxtrexate. Compounds of formula I may also be useful in combination with modulators of p53 transactivation.

If formulated as a fixed dose, such combination products employ the compounds of this invention within the dosage range described below and the other pharmaceutically active agent or treatment within its approved dosage range. For example, the cdc2 inhibitor olomucine has been found to act synergistically with known cytotoxic agents in inducing apoptosis (J. Cell Sci., 108, 2897 (1995)). Compounds of formula I may also be administered sequentially with known anticancer or cytotoxic agents when a combination formulation is inappropriate. The invention is not limited in the sequence of administration; compounds of formula I may be administered either prior to or after administration of the known anticancer or cytotoxic agent. For example, the cytotoxic activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol is affected by the sequence of administration with anticancer agents. Cancer Research, 57, 3375 (1997).

The pharmacological properties of the compounds of this invention may be confirmed by a number of pharmacological assays. The exemplified pharmacological assays which follow have been carried out with the compounds according to the invention and their salts. The compounds of examples 1 to 14 exhibited cdc2/cyclin Bi kinase activity with IC₅₀ values less than 50 μM. The compounds of examples 1 to 14 exhibited cdk2/cyclin E kinase activity with IC₅₀ values less than 50 μM. The compounds of examples 1 to 14 exhibited cdk4/cyclin D1 kinase activity with IC₅₀ values less than 50 ƒM.

cdc2/cyclin B1 Kinase Assay

cdc2/cyclin B1 kinase activity was determined by monitoring the incorporation of ³²P into histone H1. The reaction consisted of 50 ng baculovirus expressed GST-cdc2, 75 ng baculovirus expressed GST-cyclin Bi, 1 μg histone H1 (Boehringer Mannheim), 0.2 mCi of ³²P g-ATP and 25 mM ATP in kinase buffer (50 mM Tris, pH 8.0, 10 mM MgCl₂, 1 mM EGTA, 0.5 mM DTT). The reaction was incubated at 30° C. for 30 minutes and then stopped by the addition of cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to a final concentration of 15% and incubated on ice for 20 minutes. The reaction was harvested onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard) using a Packard Filtermate Universal harvester, and the filters were counted on a Packard TopCount 96-well liquid scintillation counter (Marshak, D.R., Vanderberg, M. T., Bae, Y. S., Yu, I. J., J. of Cellular Biochemistry, 45, 391-400 (1991), incorporated by reference herein).

cdk2/cyclin E Kinase Assay

cdk2/cyclin E kinase activity was determined by monitoring the incorporation of ³²P into the retinoblastoma protein. The reaction consisted of 2.5 ng baculovirus expressed GST-cdk2/cyclin E, 500 ng bacterially produced GST-retinoblastoma protein (aa 776-928), 0.2 mCi ³²P g-ATP and 25 mM ATP in kinase buffer (50 mM Hepes, pH 8.0, 10 mM MgCl₂, 5 mM EGTA, 2 mM DTT). The reaction was incubated at 30° C. for 30 minutes and then stopped by the addition of cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to a final concentration of 15% and incubated on ice for 20 minutes. The reaction was harvested onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard) using a Packard Filtermate Universal harvester, and the filters were counted on a Packard TopCount 96-well liquid scintillation counter.

cdk 4/cyclin D1 Kinase Activity

cdk4/cyclin D1 kinase activity was determined by monitoring the incorporation of ³²P in to the retinoblastoma protein. The reaction consisted of 165 ng baculovirus expressed as GST-cdk4, 282 ng bacterially expressed as S-tag cyclin D1, 500 ng bacterially produced GST-retinoblastoma protein (aa 776-928), 0.2 μCi ³²P γ-ATP and 25 gM ATP in kinase buffer (50 mM Hepes, pH 8.0, 10 mM MgCl₂, 5 mM EGTA, 2 mM DTT). The reaction was incubated at 30° C. for 1 hour and then stopped by the addition of cold trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to a final concentration of 15% and incubated on ice for 20 minutes. The reaction was harvested onto GF/C unifilter plates (Packard) using a Packard Filtermate Universal harvester, and the filters were counted on a Packard TopCount 96-well liquid scintillation counter (Coleman, K. G., Wautlet, B. S., Morissey, D, Mulheron, J. G., Sedman, S., Brinkley, P., Price, S., Wedster, K. R. (1997). Identification of CDK4 Sequences involved in cyclin D, and p16 binding. J. Biol. Chem. 272,30:18869-18874, incorporated by reference herein).

Further subject matter of the invention also includes pharmaceuticals for use as described above including controlling cancer, inflammation and arthritis, which contain at least one compound of the formula I as defined above or at least one of its pharmacologically acceptable acid addition salts, and the use of a compound of the formula I as defined above for the preparation of a pharmaceutical having activity against proliferative diseases as described previously including against cancer, inflammation and/or arthritis.

The following examples and preparations describe the manner and process of making and using the invention and are illustrative rather than limiting. It should be understood that there may be other embodiments which fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims appended hereto.

EXAMPLE 1

N-[5-[[(5-ethyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]acetamide

A. Preparation of 1-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-butanol

A mixture of 1-amino-2-butanol (5.5 g, 61.8 mmol), benzyl chloroformate (11.5 g, 67.6 mmol) and sodium carbonate (7.16 g, 67.7 mmol) in water (50 mL) was stirred at 0° C. for 3 h. Water (50 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and the product was extracted with methylene chloride (3×20 mL). The methylene chloride extract was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was passed through a short column (SiO₂, hexanes : ethyl acetate /10:1; then ethyl acetate) to afford 1-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-butanol (13.9 g, 100%) as a liquid.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.30 (m, 5H), 5.45 (s, 1H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 3.57 (s, 1H), 3.31 (m, 1H), 3.04 (m, 1H), 2.91 (m, 1H), 1.43 (m, 2H), 0.91 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3 H).

B. Preparation of 1-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-butanone

To methylene chloride (60 mL) at −78° C. under argon was added oxalyl chloride (37 mL of 2 M solution in methylene chloride, 74 mmol), followed by DMSO (7.8 g, 100 mmol). The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 20 min. and to this mixture was added a solution of 1-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-butanol (13.9 g, 61.8 mmol) in methylene chloride (40 mL). The mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 1 h and triethylamine (21 mL) was added to the mixture. It was warmed to room temperature (rt) and washed successively with 1 N hydrochloric acid and aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. The methylene chloride solution was dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated to afford 1-15 benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-butanone (11.2 g, 82%) as a solid, which was enough pure for the next reaction.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.32 (m, 5H), 5.50 (s, 1H), 5.06 (s, 2H), 4.07 (s, 2H), 2.43 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.06 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

C. Preparation of 1-amino-2-butanone

A solution of 1-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-butanone (9.30 mg, 42 mmol) in ethanol (50 mL) and 1 N hydrochloric acid (46 mL) was stirred under hydrogen atmosphere in the presence of Pd/C (1.5 g, 10%) at rt for 4 h. The mixture was filtered through a celite bed and the filtrate solution was concentrated. The residue was triturated with ethyl ether to afford 1-amino-2-butanone (5.3 g, 102%) as a hydrochloride salt.

¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 3.97 (s, 2H), 2.60 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.08 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H).

D. Preparation of 2-amino-5-thiocyanatothiazole

2-Aminothiazole (41 g, 410 mM) and sodium thiocyanate (60 g, 740 mM, dried in a vacuum oven at 130° C. overnight) was dissolved in 450 mL of anhydrous methanol and the solution was cooled in a cold water bath. Here was added bromine (23 mL, 445 mM) dropwise with good stirring. After the addition it was stirred for 4 h at rt. To the mixture 500 mL of water was added and it was stirred for 5 minutes, filtered through a celite bed and washed the bed with water. The pH of the filtrate solution was about 1. Most of the methanol was removed under the reduced pressure and pH of the solution was adjusted to about 7 by adding aq. sodium carbonate slowly with stirring. The precipitated solid was filtered and washed with water to obtain 37 g (57%) of the dark brown colored desired product after drying, mp 140-143° C.

¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.33 (s, 1H); MS (CI/NH₃) m/e 179 (M+Na)⁺, 158(M+H)⁺.

E. Preparation of of 2-acetylamino-5-thiocyanatothiazole

To a mixture of 2-amino-5-thiocyanatothiazole (15.7 g, 0.1 mol) and pyridine (12 g, 0.15 mol) in methylene chloride (100 mL) was added acetic anhydride (1.2 g, 0.12 mol) at rt. The mixture was stirred at rt for 6 h. The mixture was concentrated to dryness and to the residue MeOH (50 mL) was added. The precipitates were collected and washed with water. The solid was dried and recrystallized from MeOH to afford 2-acetylamino-5-thiocyanatothiazole (15.2 g, 76%) as a solid, mp 212° C.

¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.79 (s, 1H), 2.23 (s, 3H).

F. Preparation of [[2-(acetylamino)-5-thiazolyl]thio]Acetic Acid 1,1-dimethylethyl Ester

To a mixture of 2-acetamino-5-thiocyanatothiazole (5.97 g, 30 mmol) in MeOH (360 mL) under argon was added dithiothreitol (9.26 g, 60 mmol) at rt. The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h and it was concentrated to afford a reduced solid product. This solid product was dissolved in DMF (30 mL) and to this solution were added tert-butyl bromoacetate (5.85 g, 30 mmol) and potassium carbonate (5.0 g, 36 mmol). The mixture was stirred at rt for 2 h and water (200 mL) was added to the mixture. The precipitates were collected, washed with water and dried. The solid was dissolved in methylene chloride (100 mL) and MeOH (10 mL) and filtered through a silica gel pad. The filtrate solution was concentrated to afford the desired product (7.5 g, 87%) as a solid, mp 162-163° C.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 12.2 (s, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 3.37 (s, 2H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.45 (s, 9H); MS m/e 289 (M+H)⁺, 287 (M−H)⁻.

HPLC (Column: YMC S3 ODS 4.6×150 mm; flow rate: 2.5 mL/min; solvent system: 0-100% B in 8 min. Solvent A: 10% MeOH-90% water—0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90% MeOH-10% Water-0.2% H₃PO₄; WV: 220 nm): retention time 6.44 min.

G. Preparation of [[2-(acetylamino)-5-thiazolyl]thio]acetic acid

A solution of [[2-(acetylamino)-5-thiazolyl]thiolacetic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester (4.32 g, 15 mmol) in methylene chloride (30 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (20 mL) was stirred at rt overnight and concentrated in vacuo. To the residue was added ethyl ether (50 mL). The precipitated solid was collected, washed with ethyl ether and dried to afford the desired product (3.38 g, 97%) as a solid, mp 210° C.

¹H NMR (CD₃OD) δ 7.48 (s, 1H), 3.47 (s, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H) ppm; MS m/e 231(M−H)⁻; HPLC (Column: Zorbax Rapid resolution C-18; flow rate: 2.5 L/min; solvent system: 0-100% B in 8 min. Solvent A: 10% MeOH-90% water-0.2%H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90% MeOH-10% Water-0.2% H₃PO₄; UV: 254 m): retention time 4.32 min.

H. Preparation of [[2-(acetylamino)-5-thiazolyl]thio]-N-(2-oxobutyl)acetamide

A mixture of [[2-(acetylamino)-5-thiazolyl]thio]acetic acid (9.0 g, 38.8 mmol), HOBT (5.94 g, 38.8 mmol) and ethyldimethylaminopropylcarbodiimide hydrochloride salt (11.16 g, 58.2 mmol) in DMF (50 mL) was stirred at 0° C. for 0.5 h. To this mixture was added 1-amino-2-butanone hydrochloride (5.27 g, 42.7 mmol) followed by triethylamine (15 mL, 107.5 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 0.5 h and at rt for 1 h. Water (200 mL) was added to the mixture and the product was extracted with methylene chloride containing 10% MeOH (5×100 mL). The methylene chloride extract was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was triturated with water and the precipitated solid product was collected by filtration. It was dried to obtain the desired product (10.5 g, 90%), mp 195-196° C.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.53 (s, 1H), 4.14 (s, 2H), 3.46 (s, 2H), 2.50 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.12 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H); MS m/e 302 (M+H)⁺.

HPLC (Column: Zorbax Rapid resolution C-18; flow rate: 2.5 mL/min; solvent system: 0-100% B in 8 min. Solvent A: 10%MeOH-90% water-0.2%H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90%MeOH-10%Water-0.2% H₃PO₄; LWV: 254 nm): retention time 4.36 min.

I. Preparation of N-[5-[[(5-ethyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]acetamide

To a solution of [[2-(acetylamino)-5-thiazolyl]thio]-N-(2-oxobutyl)acetamide (10.5 g, 34.8 mmol) in acetic anhydride (100 mL) was added conc. sulfuric acid (10 mL). The mixture was stirred at 55-60° C. for 2 h and sodium acetate (15 g, 0.18 mol) was added to the mixture. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. To the residue was added cold water (100 mL). The precipitated solid was collected, washed with water and dried. It was purified by a flash column chromatography (SiO₂; methylene chloride:

MeOH/100:5) to afford N-[5-[[(5-ethyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]acetamide (4.2 g, 43%) as a solid, mp 147-148° C.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 12.47 (s, 1H), 7.29 (s, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 3.91 (s, 2H), 2.64 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 1.21 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H) ppm; MS m/e 284 (M+H)⁺;

HPLC (Column: Zorbax Rapid resolution C-18; flow rate: 2.5 mL/min; solvent system: 0-100% B in 8 min. Solvent A: 10%MeOH-90%water-0.2%H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90%MeOH-10% Water-0.2%H₃PO₄; UV: 254 nm): retention time 6.50 min.

EXAMPLE 2

N-[5-[1(5-ethyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]benzanmide

A. Preparation of 2-amino-5-[[(5-ethyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-thiazole

A solution of N-[5-[[(5-ethyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]acetamide (1.3 g, 4.6 mmol) in 1 N hydrochloric acid (15 mL) was stirred at 80-90° C. for 3 h. It was cooled to rt and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 7 with sodium carbonate. The product was extracted with methylene chloride (3×10 mL). The combined extract was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated. The residue was triturated with ethyl ether and the precipitated solid was collected to afford 2-amino-5-[[(5-ethyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-thiazole (610 mg, 55%) as a solid, mp 119-120° C.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 6.93 (s, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 5.41 (s, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 2.62 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.18 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H); MS m/e 242 (M+H)⁺;

HPLC (Column: Zorbax Rapid resolution C-18; flow rate: 2.5 mL-min; solvent system: 0-100% B in 8 min. Solvent A: 10%MeOH-90% water-0.2%H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90%MeOH-10% Water-0.2%H₃PO₄; UV: 254 nm): retention time 3.96 min.

B. Preparation of N-[5-[[(5-ethyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]benzamide

A mixture of 2-amino-5-[[(5-ethyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-thiazole (48.2 mg, 0.2 mmol), benzoyl chloride (24.4 mg, 0.21 mmol) and triethylamine (35 mg, 0.35 mmol) in methylene chloride (0.5 mL) was stirred at rt for 10 min. The organic solution was washed with water and concentrated. The residue was purified by a flash column (SiO₂; hexanes: ethyl acetate/2:1) to afford N-[5-[[(5-ethyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]benzamide (41 mg, 59%) as a solid, mp 122-123° C.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) 812.65 (s, 1H), 7.96 (m, 2H), 7.61 (m,, 1H), 7.49 (m, 2H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 3.93 (s, 2H), 2.61 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 1.20 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 3H); MS m/e 346 (M+H)⁺;

HPLC (Column: Zorbax Rapid resolution C-18; flow rate: 2.5 mL/min; solvent system: 0-100% B in 8 min. Solvent A: 10%MeOH-90% water-0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90%MeOH-10%Water-0.2%H₃PO₄; UV: 254 nm): retention time 7.94 min.

EXAMPLE 3

N-[5-[[(4,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]acetamide

A. Preparation of 2-(bromomethyl)-4,5-dimethyloxazole

A mixture of 2,4,5-trimethyloxazole (0.50 mL, 4.3 mmol), N-bromosuccinimide (0.77 g, 4.3 mmol) and benzoyl peroxide (0.21 g, 0.86 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (4 mL) was heated at 76° C. under nitrogen atm. for 3 hrs. After cooling to rt, the solid was removed by filtration. The filtrate solution was washed with saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (20 mL) and concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO₂; hexanes:ethyl acetate/4:1) to afford 2-(bromomethyl)-4,5-dimethyloxazole (64 mg) as an yellow oil.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 4.4 (s, 2H), 2.25 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H).

B. Preparation of N-[5-[[(4,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]acetamide

N-[5-(Acetylthio)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide (0.050 g, 0.23 mmol) was dissolved in dry THF (10 ml) and here potassiumtert-butoxide (1.0 M solution in THF, 0.25 ml, 0.25 mmol) was added to the mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 15 min., and 2-(bromomethyl)-4,5-dimethyloxazole (0.064 g, 0.34 mmol) was added to this mixture. The reaction mixture was stirred at rt for 3 h and saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (20 mL) was added to the mixture. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (1×20 mL). The combined organic layers was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography (SiO₂; methanol:dichloromethane/1:20) to afford N-[5-[[(4,5-dimethyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl] acetamide (15 mg, 23%) as a yellow solid. ¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 11.78 (s, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 3.90 (s, 2H), 2.30 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H); MS m/e 284 (M+H)⁺;

HPLC (Column: Zorbax Rapid resolution C-18; flow rate: 2.5 ml/min; solvent system: 0-100% B in 8 min. Solvent A: 10% CH₃OH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90% CH₃OH/10% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; UV: 254 nm): retention time 5.87 min.

EXAMPLE 4

N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]acetamide

A. Preparation of Diazomethane

To a mixture of 15 ml of 40% aqueous KOH solution and 50 mL of diethyl ether at 0° C. was added 5 g (68 mmol) of N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine in portions with stirring . The resulting mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 0.5 h. The organic phase was decanted into a dry flask and dried over solid KOH pellets to give 50 mL of diazomethane solution (ca 0.5 M, by titrating with acetic acid).

B. Preparation of 1-diazo-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone

To the diazomethane solution at 0° C. was added a solution of 1.23 mL (1.21 g, 10 mmol, Aldrich) of trimethylacetyl chloride in 1 mL of diethyl ether dropwise with stirring. The resulting mixture was kept at 0 ° C. for 16 h. The solution was sparged with argon to remove the excess diazomethane and diethyl ether was removed under reduced pressure to give 1.33 g (10 mmol, 100%) of crude 1-diazo-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone as a yellow liquid.

C. Preparation of 2-chloromethyl-5-t-butyloxazole

To a solution of 2 mL (2.3 g, 16 mmol) of boron trifluoride etherate in 20 mL of chloroacetonitrile at 0° C. was added a solution of 1.33 g (10 mmol) of 1-diazo-3,3-dimethyl-2-butanone in 5 mL of chloroacetonitrile dropwise. The resulting solution was stirred at 0° C. for 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was added to saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution to neutralize the acid and the product was extracted three times with dichloromethane. The combined extracts was dried (sodium sulfate), concentrated and purified by flash column chromatography (Merck silica, 25×200 mm, dichloromethane) to give 1.1 g of 2-(chloromethyl)-5-t-butyloxazole as a yellow liquid (6.4 mmol, 64% overall from the acid chloride).

¹H NMR δ (CDCl₃): 1.30 (s, 9H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 6.68 (s, 1H); MS 174 (M+H)⁺; TLC: R_(f) (silica gel, dichloromethane)=0.33;

HPLC: t_(R) (YMC S-3 ODS 4.6×50 mm rapid resolution; 2.5 m/min, gradient 0-100% B over 8 min, Solvent A: 10% CH₃OH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90% CH₃OH/10% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; UV: 254 nm)=6.5 min.

D. Preparation of N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]acetamide

To a solution of 50 mg (0.23 mmol, Applied Chemical Laboratory) of N-[5-(acetylthio)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide in 10 mL of THF was added 0.25 mL of potassium tert-butoxide solution (1 M solution, 0.25 mmol) at rt under argon. The resulting suspension was stirred for 15 min at rt, then a solution of 59 mg of 2-(chhloromethyl)-5-t-butyloxazole (0.34 mmol) in 1 mL of THF was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at rt for 16 h, concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by flash column chromatography (silica gel, 25×200 mm, 1:1 EtOAc/hexanes followed by 100% EtOAc) to give 44 mg (0.14 mmol, 61%) of N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]acetamide as a white solid.

¹H NMR δ (CDCl₃) 1.27 (s, 9H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 3.95 (s, 2H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 7.31 (s, 1H), 11.03 (broad s, 1H); MS 312 (M+H)⁺;

TLC: R_(f) (silica gel, ethyl acetate)=0.53, UV;

HPLC: retention time (YMC S-3 ODS 4.6×50 mm rapid resolution; 2.5 ml/min, gradient 0-100%B over 8 min, Solvent A: 10% CH₃OH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90% CH₃OH/10% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; UV: 254 nm)=6.8 min.

Example 5

N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]trimethylacetamide

A. Preparation of N-[(5-thiocyanato)-2-thiazolyl]trifluoroacetamide (XVIII)

To a mixture of 5-thiocyanato-2-aminothiazole (30 mmol) and 2,6-lutidine (35 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (25 mL) and dichloromethane (50 mL) at -78° C. under argon was slowly added trifluoroaceticanhydride (33 mmol). After addition, the mixture was allowed to warm up to rt and stirred overnight. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (100 20 mL), and the organic solution was washed with 5% aqueous citric acid followed by brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and passed through a pad of silica gel. The product containing eluent was concentrated to afford 5.3 g of light brown solid.

¹H -NMR (CDCl₃) δ 12.4 (br, 1H), 7.83 (s, 1H).

B. Preparation of 4-hydroxymethyl-3-methoxyphenyloxy Merrifield Resin (XVI)

To the suspension of sodium hydride (11.7 g, 60% in mineral oil, 293 mmol) in dimethylformamide (30 mL) at 0 ° C. under argon was slowly added a solution of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyldehyde (44.5 g, 292.5 mmol) in dimethylformamide (100 mL). To the resulting mixture Merrifield resin (1% DVB, from Advanced Chemtech, loading 1.24 mmol/g, 50 g, 62 mmol) and catalytic amount of tetra-n-butylammonium idodide were added, and it was heated at 65° C. for a day. The resin was filtered, washed with water (2×), 50% dimethylformamide in water (3×), dimethylformamide (2×), and methanol (5×), and dried in vacuo. The dried resin (15 g) was treated with sodium borohydride (3.4 g, 90 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) and ehthanol (50 mL) overnight. The resin was filtered, washed with 50% dimethylformamide in water (3×), dimethylformamide (2×), methanol (2×), and dichloromethane (5×), and dried in vacuo.

C. Preparation of 4-chloromethyl-3-methoxyphenyloxy Merrifield Resin (XVII)

To a solution of triphenylphosphine (17 g, 65 mmol) in dichloromethane (200 mL) at 0° C. was slowly added triphosgene (9.2 g, 31 mmol) portionwise over a period of 30 minutes. After addition, the reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 10 minutes. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was redissolved in dichloromethane (200 mL). To this mixture was added 4-hydroxymethyl-3-methoxyphenyloxy Merrifield resin (12 g). The resulting mixture was agitated for 4 h. The resin was washed with dry dichloromethane (6×) and dried in vacuo.

D. Preparation of 4-[N-[(5-thiocyanato)-2-thiazolyltrifluoroacetamido]methyl]-3-methoxyphenyloxy Merrifield Resin (XIX)

A mixture of 4-chloromethyl-3-methoxyphenyloxy Merrifield resin (15g), N-[(5-thiocyanato)-2-thiazolyl]trifluoroacetamide (14 g, 55.3 mmol) and diisopropylethylamine (7.8 mL, 45 mmol) in dimethylformamide (50 mL) and dichloromethane (100 mL) was agitated overnight. The resin was washed with dimethylformamide (2×), methanol (2×), dichloromethane (4×), and dried in vacuo.

E. Preparation of 4-[[N-[(5-mercapto)-2-thiazolyl]trifluoroacetamido]methyl]-3-methoxyphenyloxy Merrifield Resin (XX)

A mixture of 4-[N-[(5-thiocyanato)-2-thiazolyltrifluoroacetamido]methyl]-3-methoxyphenyloxy Merrifield resin (XIX, 18.5 g) and dithiothreitol (12 g, 78 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and methanol (100 mL) was agitated overnight. The resin was washed with dimethylformamide (2×), methanol (2×), dichloromethane (4×), and dried in vacuo and stored under argon at −20° C.

F. Preparation of 4-N-[5-[[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]trifluoroacetamido]methyl-3-methoxyphenyloxy Merriffeld Resin (XXI)

A stream of argon was bubbled through a mixture 4-[[N-[(5-Mercapto)-2-thiazolyl]trifluoroacetamido]methyl]-3-methoxyphenyloxy Merrifield resin (XX, 500 mg), halide (2.0 mmol) and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]undec-7-ene (DBU, 1.5 mmol) in dimethylformamide (3 mL) for 5 min., and the mixture was heated at 80° C. for 2 h. The resin was washed with dimethylformamide (2×), methanol (2×), dichloromethane (4×), and dried in vacuo.

G. Preparation of 4-N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]methyl-3-methoxyphenyloxy Merrifield resin (XXII)

A mixture of 4-N-[5-[[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]trifluoroacetamido]methyl-3-methoxyphenyloxy Merrifield resin (XX, 500 mg) and sodium borohydride (4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) and ethanol (2 mL) was agitated overnight. The resin was washed with 50% dimethylformamide in water (2×), dimethylformamide (2×), methanol (2×), dichloromethane (4×), and dried in vacuo.

H. Preparation of 4-N-[5-[[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]trimethylacetamido]methyl-3-methoxyphenyloxy Merrifield Resin (XXII)

A mixture of 4-N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]methyl-3-methoxyphenyloxy Merrifield resin (XII, 100 mg), diisopropylethylamine (1.2 mmol) and trimethylacetyl chloride (1 mmol) in dichloromethane (2 mL) in a polypropylene tube fitted with a polyethylene frit and a luer stopcock was agitated overnight. The resin was washed with dimethylformamide (2×), methanol (2×), dichloromethane (4×), and used in the next step without drying.

I. Preparation of N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]trimethylacetamide

4-N-[5-[[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]trimethylacetamido]methyl-3-methoxyphenyloxy Merrifield resin (XXII) was treated with 60% trifluoroacetic acid in dichloromethane (2 mL) in a polypropylene tube fitted with a polyethylene frit and a luer stopcock for 4 hours. The solution was decanted to a tube and the resin was washed with dichloromethane. The combined organic solution was concentrated in Speed Vac. The residue was purified by preparative-HPLC to afford 11.3 mg of the desired product.

MS m/e 354 (M+H)⁺.

EXAMPLE 6

N-[5-[[(4-Ethyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]acetamide

A. Preparation of 2-(2-chloroacetamido)-1-butanol

To a mixture of 2-amino-1-butanol (5.0 mL, 53 mmol) and triethyl amine (15.0 mL, 111 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) at −70° C. was added chloroacetyl chloride (4.6 mL, 58 mmol) dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at −70° C. for 15 min. and then was allowed to warm to rt. It was diluted with EtOAc (50 mL) and the reaction was quenched by adding water (50 mL). The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc (3×30 mL). The combined organic layers was concentrated to afford 2-(2-chloroacetamido)-1-butanol (8.6 g, 98%) as a brown solid.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 6.75 (bs, 1H), 4.10 (s, 2H), 4.08(dd, 1H), 3.90 (m, 1H), 3.68 (m, 2H), 2.98(bs, 1H), 1.60(m, 2H), 0.97 (t, 3H).

B. Preparation of 2-(2-chloroacetamido)-1-butyraldehyde

To a solution of oxalyl chloride (14.5 mL, 29.0 mmol) in dichrolomethane (30 mL) at −78° C. DMSO (2.75 mL, 38.8 mmol) was added dropwise over 5 min. After stirring for 10 min. at -78° C., here was added a solution of 2-(2-chloroacetamido)-1-butanol (4.0 g, 24 mmol) in 20 mL of dichrolomethane dropwise over 15 min. The reaction mixture was stirred for 40 min. at −78° C. and here was added triethyl amine (9.4 mL, 68 mmol) dropwise over 5 min. and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 2 hrs. The solid was removed by filtration and washed with EtOAc. The organic phase was washed with 1N HCl (2×100 mL), saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ (1×10 mL) and concentrated to afford 2-(2-chloroacetamido)-1-butyraldehyde (3.7 g, 95%) as a brown oil.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 9.60 (s, 1H), 4.52 (q, 1H), 4.12(s, 2H), 2.05 (m, 1H), 5 1.80 (m, 1H), 0.97 (t, 3H).

C. Preparation of 2-chloromethy-4-ethyloxazole

To a solution of 2-(2-chloroacetamido)-1-butyraldehyde (3.7 g, 23 10 mmol) in toluene (10 mL) was added POCl₃ (6.3 mL, 68 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 90° C. for 1 h under nitrogen. After cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature it was poured into ice water (10 mL) and the pH of the solution was adjusted to 7 with 5N NaOH. The toluene layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with dichloromethane (3×20 mL). The combined organic solution was concentrated and distilled to afford 2-chloromethy-4-ethyloxazole (1.1 g, 31%) as a colorless liquid.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 7.30 (s, 1H), 4.22 (s, 2H), 2.50 (q, 2H), 1.22 (t, 3H).

D. Preparation of N-[5-[[(4-ethyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]acetamide

To a solution of 2-acetylamino-5-thiazolylthiol (0.010 g, 0.050 mmol) in dry THF (5 mL) was added potassium tert-butoxide (1.0 M solution in THF, 0.060 mL, 0.060 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 min. and here was added 2-chloromethyl-4-ethyloxazole (0.015 g, 0.10 mmol). After 3 h, saturated aqueous NaHCO₃ solution (5 mL) was added to the mixture. The organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was washed with dichloromethane (3×10 mL). The combined organic layers was concentrated. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (SiO₂; methanol:dichloromethane/1:20) to afford N-[5-[[(4-ethyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]acetamide (5 mg, 36%) as a white solid.

¹H NMR (CDCl₃) δ 11.25 (s, 1H), 7.34 (s, 1H), 7.31(s, 1H), 3.95 (s, 2H), 2.50 (q, 2H), 2.27(s, 3H), 1.19 (t, 3H); MS m/e 284 (M+H)⁺; HPLC (Column: Zorbax Rapid resolution C-18; flow rate: 2.5 ml/min; solvent system: 0-100% B in 8 min. Solvent A: 10% CH₃OH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90% CH₃OH/10% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; UV: 254 nm): retention time 6.14 min.

EXAMPLE 7

Preparation of N-[5-[[(5-t-Butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-N′-cyano-N″-(2,6-difluorophenyl)guanidine.

A solution of 100 mg of N-[5-[[(5-t-Butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-aminothiazole and 68 mg of 2,6-difluorophenyl isothiocyanate was heated at 65° C. for 16 hours under argon. The solution was evaporated to dryness and the residue purified by flash chromatography to give 91 mg of the intermediate thiourea.

To a solution of 30 mg of N-[5-[[(5-t-Butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-N″-(2,6-difluorophenyl)thiourea, 52 mg of ethyl-3(3-dimethylamino)propyl carbodiimide hydrochloride and 48 μL of diisopropylethylamine in 0.5 mL methylene chloride was added a solution of 29 mg of cyanamide in 0.1 mL tetrahydrofuran. After stirring for 1 hr, the solvent was removed and the crude material purified by HPLC to give 8 mg of Example 636 compound.

MS: (M+H)⁺449⁺

¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ 1.27 (9H, s), 4.19 (2H, s), 6.69 (1H, s), 7.03 (2H, m), 7.35 (1H, m), 8.74 (1H, s).

EXAMPLE 8

Preparation of N-(5-[[(5-isopropyl-2-oxazolyl)fluoromethyl]thio]-2thiazolyl acetamide

To a stirred mixture of 2-acetamido-5-thiazole thiol acetate (141 mg) in 3 15 mL of dry THF under argon was added 1N t-BuOK in THF (0.72 mL). This mixture was stirred at room temperature for 25 min, and a solution of 5-isopropyl-(2-(chlorofluoromethyl))oxazole (116 mg) in 2 mL of dry THF was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 18 hr, diluted with 150 mL of EtOAc and washed with saturated NH₄Cl solution (2×25 20 mL), saturated NaHCO₃ solution (1×25 mL) and brine (1×25 mL). The organic layer was dried (MgSO₄), filtered and concentrated in vacuo to give Example 637 compound.

MS: (M+H)⁺316

HPLC retention time 3.52 min. (Column: YMC ODS S05 4.6×50 mm column, 0% to 100% B gradient in 4 min. Solvent A: 10% CH₃OH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90% CH₃OH/10% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; UV: 220 nM).

EXAMPLE 9

Preparation of N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]aminophenyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfonamide

A. Preparation of 5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-bromo

To a solution of CuBr₂ (5.14 g in acetonitrile (100 mL) at 0° C. was added tBuONO (4 mL, 1.2 eq) followed by 5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]amine (5.2 g). The mixture was stirred at 0° C. for one hour, then at room temperature for one hour, ethyl acetate was added and the organic mixture washed with hydrochloric acid (2×50 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered through a pad of silica gel, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was chromatographed on silica gel to give the bromide as an orange oil (3.9 g).

MS: (M+H)+334

HPLC retention time 4.04 min. (Column: YMC ODS S05 4.6×50 mm column, 0% to 100% B gradient in 4 min. Solvent A: 10% CH₃OH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90% CH₃OH/10% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; UV: 220 nM).

B. Preparation of N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]aminophenyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfonamide

A mixture of the 2-bromothiazole from Part A (0.85 g) in dimethyl acetamide (4 mL) and 4-aminophenyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfonamide (2.5 g, 5 eq) was stirred at 145° C. for 6 hours, cooled and ethyl acetate (80 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was washed with water (2×20 mL), the combined aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate, and the combined organic layers dried over sodium sulfate, evaporated in vacuo, and the residue was chromatographed on silica gel, then purified by reverse phase chromatography to give N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl) methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]aminophenyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)sulfonamide as a yellow solid (0.61 g).

MS: (M+H)+469

HPLC retention time 3.80 min. (Column: YMC ODS S05 4.6×50 mm column, 0% to 100% B gradient in 4 min. Solvent A: 10% CH₃OH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90% CH₃OH/10% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; UV: 220 nM).

EXAMPLE 10

Preparation of N-[5[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]aminophenyl-4-sulfonamide

A mixture of the 2-bromothiazole from Example 9, Part A (106 mg) in dimethyl acetamide (0.5 mL) and 4-aminobenzenesulfonamide (275 mg, 5 eq) was stirred at 140° C. for 6 hours, cooled and the solvent was removed .under reduced pressure to provide a dark red oil which was purified by preparative reverse phase HPLC (YMC S5 ODS) to give N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]aminophenyl-4-sulfonamide (94 mg).

MS: (M+H)+425

HPLC retention time 3.74 min. (Column: YMC ODS S05 4.6×50 mm column, 0% to 100% B gradient in 4 min. Solvent A: 10% CH₃OH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90% CH₃OH/10% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; UV: 220 nM).

EXAMPLE 11

Preparation of N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-4-aminopyrimidine

To a 50 mL single necked flask was added 4-aminopyrimidine (142 mg) in dry tetrahydrofuran (5 mL). A sodium hydride dispersion (60%, 60 mg) was added, followed by heating to 60° C. for one hour. The solution of the anion was cooled to room temperature and the 2-bromothiazole from Example 9, Part A (100 mg) was added. The reaction was heated for 24 hours at 60° C., cooled to room temparature, quenched with hydrochloric acid and partitioned between water and ethyl acetate (25 mL each). The organic layer was washed with water (2×25 mL), brine (25 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to give a solid, which was purified by trituration with 1:1 ethyl acetate:hexanes to give N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-4-aminopyrimidine (42 mg).

MS: (M+H)+348

HPLC retention time 3.63 min. (Column: YMC ODS SOS 4.6×50 mm column, 0% to 100% B gradient in 4 min. Solvent A: 10% CH₃OH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90% CH₃OH/10% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; UV: 220 nM).

Example 12

Preparation of N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-3-(hydroxymethyl)aniline

A. Preparation of N-2-[3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]aminothiazole

To a solution of 3-hydroxymethyl aniline (2.46 g) in dry tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) at −78° C. was added methyl lithium-lithium bromide solution in ether (27 mL of 1.5 M solution). The reaction mixture was stirred at −78° C. for 10 minutes, warmed to room temperature for 10 minutes, and then cooled to −78° C. and 2-bromothiazole (1.31 g) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for one hour, then at room temperature for 3 hours, quenched by addition of hydrochloric acid (20 mL of 2N solution), concentrated and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated and chromatographed on silica gel to give N-2-[3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]aminothiazole (0.68 g).

B. Preparation of N-2-[3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]aminothiazole-5-thiocyanate

To a cooled solution(ice-salt bath) of the compound of part A (680 mg) and ammonium thiocyanate (500 mg) in methanol (35 mL) was added portionwise bromine (0.21 mL). After disappearance of the bromine color the reaction was concentrated and partitioned between ethyl acetate and water. The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic extracts were dried over sodium sulfate, concentrated and chromatographed on silica gel to give N-2-[3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]aminothiazole-5-thiocyanate as a yellow solid (490 mg).

C. Preparation of N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-3-(hydroxymethyl)aniline

To a dark red solution of the thiocyanate of part B (490 mg) in tetrahydrofuran/ethanol was added sodium borohydride portionwise (84 mg). After gas evolution had ceased, acetone (0.65 mL) was added the reaction stirred for 8 minutes, followed by addition of 2-chloromethyl-5-t-butyl-oxazole (Example 5, Part C compound, 0.5 g) and the reaction stirred for one hour at room temperature. The reaction was concentrated, extracted with ethyl acetate, the combined organic extracts dried over sodium sulfate, and filtered through a pad of silica gel to provide the product (0.69 g).

MS: (M+H)+376

HPLC retention time 3.84 min. (Column: YMC ODS S05 4.6×50 mm column, 0% to 100% B gradient in 4 min. Solvent A: 10% CH₃OH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90% CH₃OH/10% H₂O/0.2%/H₃PO₄; UV: 220 nM).

EXAMPLE 13

Preparation of N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-2-aminopyridine

A. Preparation of N-2-[pyridinyl]aminothiazole

To a suspension of sodium hydride (60% suspension, 1.8 g) in tetrahydrofuran (200 mL) was added portionwise 2-aminopyridine (4.23 g), and the mixture was slowly heated to 55° C. for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was then cooled to −10 deg C and a solution of 2-bromothiazole (2.46 g) in tetrahydrofuran (2 mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred at 55° C. for 5 hours, cooled and quenched with hydrochloric acid (2N, 20 mL), concentrated, and ethyl acetate was added. The resulting solid was filtered to give N-2-[pyridinyl]aminothiazole (1.41 g).

B. Preparation of N-2-[pyridinyl]-5-bromo-aminothiazole

To a solution of the compound of Part A(0.88 g) in acetic acid(15 mL) was added bromine (0.22 mL in 2 mL acetic acid) dropwise at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, the was solvent removed under reduced pressure, and the resulting solid was triturated with ether to provide N-2-[pyridinyl]-5-bromo-aminothiazole (1.6 g) as the hydrobromide salt.

C. Preparation of N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-2-aminopyridine

To a solution of N-2-[pyridinyl]-5-bromo-aminothiazole (8 g) and 2-thioacetyl-5-t-butyl oxazole (8 g) in methanol (500 mL) under argon was added a degassed solution of sodium hydroxide (25 mL of 3 N solution) at room temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 20 minutes and then heated to 60° C. for one hour, concentrated in vacuo, partitioned between water (125 mL) and ethyl acetate (500 mL) and the aqueous layer was back-extracted (2×125 mL) with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with brine (25 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered through a pad of silica gel, and the solvents removed in vacuo. The solid residue was recrystallized form ethyl acetate to provide N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-2-aminopyridine (7.5 g).

MS: (M+H)+347

HPLC retention time 4.01 min. (Column: YMC ODS S05 4.6×50 mm column, 0% to 100% B gradient in 4 min. Solvent A: 10% CH₃OH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90% CH₃OH/10% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; UV: 220 nM).

EXAMPLE 14

Preparation of N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-2-[5-[(((3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl)propyl)amino)methyl]]aminopyridine

A. Preparation of N-2-[(5-bromo)pyridinyl]aminothiazole

To a suspension of sodium hydride (60% suspension, 5.2 g) in tetrahydrofuran (150 mL) was added portionwise 2-amino-4-bromopyridine (15 g), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes. 2-Bromothiazole (3.8 mL) was added, and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for one hour and then heated at reflux temperature for 2.5 hours, cooled, quenched with 6% citric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (2×100 mL). The organic layers were concentrated, dried over magnesium sulfate and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo to give a dark brown residue which was triturated with ether/hexanes to provide N-2-[(5-bromo)pyridinyl]aminothiazole as a yellow solid (8.9 g)

B. Preparation of N-2-[(5-carboxaldehyde)pyridinyl]aminothiazole

A suspension of the Part A compound (6.4 g) in tetrahydrofuran (300 mL) was heated to reflux to effect dissolution, the reaction mixture was cooled to -70° C. and treated with t-BuMgCl (13 mL of 2M solution in ether) dropwise over 10 minutes. The temperature was raised to −55° C., and t-BuLi (36 mL of 1.7 M solution in hexanes) was added dropwise, and the reaction mixture stirred for 20 minutes. The reaction mixture was then cooled to −70° C. and DMF (8 mL) was added, the resulting mixture was stirred at −50° C. for one hour and then warmed to 0° C. over one hour, quenched with acetic acid (8 mL) and partitioned between ethyl acetate and water (300 mL each). The aqueous layer was back extracted with ethyl acetate (2×200 mL) and the combined organic layers dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated, the solid washed with ethyl acetate and ether, and dried to give N-2-[(5-carboxaldehyde)pyridinyl]aminothiazole (3.15 g).

C. Preparation of N-2-[(5-carboxaldehyde)pyridinyl]-5-bromo-aminothiazole

A solution of N-2-[(5-carboxaldehyde) pyridinyl]aminothiazole(0.5 g) in acetic acid (6 mL) and dichloromethane (20 mL) was treated with bromine (0.12 mL) in dichloromethane (3 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature, ether was added, and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration, washed with ether to give N-2-[(5-carboxaldehyde)pyridinyl]-5-bromo-aminothiazole (0.69 g).

D. Preparation of N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-2-aminopyridine-5-carboxaldehyde

To a solution of the compound of Part C (3.8 g) and 5-t-butyl-2-(S-isothiourea)methyl oxazole (3.06 g) in methanol (300 mL) under nitrogen was added degassed sodium hydroxide (6.4 g of 50% w/w solution). The reaction mixture was heated at 76° C. for 6 hours, the methanol was removed in vacuo, water was added, and the solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and ethyl acetate, and dried to give N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-2-aminopyridine-5-carboxaldehyde (0.53 g). The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate (4×200 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo and triturated with ether/ethyl acetate to give an additional 2.02 g of the desired compound.

E. Preparation of N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-2-[5-[(((3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl)propyl)amino)methyl]]aminopyridine

To a solution of the aldehyde of Part D (1.5 g) and 3-amino-2,2-dimethyl propanol (2.06 g) in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (6.0 g), followed by acetic acid (5 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 minutes at room temperature, and the solvents removed in vacuo to give a yellow solid which was purified by column chromatography to give N-[5-[[(5-t-butyl-2-oxazolyl)methyl]thio]-2-thiazolyl]-2-[5-[(((3-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl)propyl)amino)methyl]]aminopyridine (1.08 g).

MS: (M+H)+462

HPLC retention time 3.22 min. (Column: YMC ODS S05 4.6×50 mm column, 0% to 100% B gradient in 4 min. Solvent A: 10% CH₃OH/90% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; Solvent B: 90% CH₃OH/10% H₂O/0.2% H₃PO₄; UV: 220 nM).

Using the procedures described herein or by modification of the procedures described herein as known to one or ordinary skill in the art, the following additional compounds have been prepared and disclosed in Table 1:

Example Structure Molecular Formula (M + H)+ 15

C9H11N3OS2 242 16

C12H15N3O2S2 298 17

C13H17N3O2S2 312 18

C11H10F3N3O2S2 338 19

C14H19N3O2S2 326 20

C21H17N3O2S2 408 21

C17H24N4O2S2 381 22

C17H17N3O2S2 360 23

C15H19N3O2S2 338 24

C17H17N3O3S2 376 25

C17H23N3O2S2 366 26

C14H19N3O2S2 326 27

C13H15N3O2S2 310 28

C15H13N3O2S2 332 29

C13H11N3O2S2 306 30

C10H11N3O2S2 270 31

C12H15N3O2S2 298 32

C13H16BrN3O2S2 391 33

C15H12FN3O2S2 350 34

C13H15N3O4S2 342 35

C15 H21 N3 O2 S2 340 36

C19H21N3O2S2 388 37

C18H17N3O4S2 404 38

C15H19N3O4S2 370 39

C14H17N3O4S2 356 40

C16H19N3O3S2 366 41

C16H21N3O4S2 384 42

C15H19N3O4S2 370 43

C16H21N3O4S2 384 44

C18 H17 N3 O4 S2 404 45

C15H19N3O4S2 370 46

C16 H14 F N3 O2 S2 364 47

C16 H14 Cl N3 O2 S2 380 48

C16 H13 Cl2 N3 O2 S2 415 49

C18 H19 N3 O4 S2 406 50

C18 H19 N3 O4 S2 406 51

C18 H19 N3 O4 S2 406 52

C18 H19 N3 O2 S2 374 53

C18 H20 N4 O2 S2 503 54

C17 H17 N3 O2 S2 360 55

C18 H19 N3 O2 S2 374 56

C18 H19 N3 O2 S2 374 57

C18 H20 N4 O2 S2 503 58

C18 H20 N4 O2 S2 503 59

C19 H16 N4 O2 S2 511 60

C18 H16 N4 O2 S2 499 61

C18 H16 N4 O2 S2 499 62

C16 H13 F2 N3 O2 S2 382 63

C17 H15 Cl F N3 O2 S2 412 64

C19 H19 N3 O4 S2 418 65

C18 H16 F3 N3 O2 S2 428 66

C17 H16 F N3 O2 S2 378 67

C17 H16 N4 O4 S2 405 68

C17 H16 N4 O4 S2 405 69

C19 H21 N3 O4 S2 420 70

C19 H17 N3 O3 S2 400 71

C12 H15 N3 O3 S2 314 72

C13 H17 N3 O3 S2 328 73

C15 H14 N4 O2 S2 461 74

C16 H19 N3 O2 S2 350 75

C15 H17 N5 O2 S2 364 76

C13 H14 F3 N3 O2 S2 366 77

C15 H15 N3 O2 S3 366 78

C17 H23 N3 O2 S2 366 79

C16 H16 N4 O2 S2 475 80

C12 H16 N4 O2 S2 427 81

C18 H19 N3 O3 S2 390 82

C18 H18 N4 O3 S2 403 83

C22 H19 N3 O3 S2 438 84

C17 H17 N3 O3 S2 376 85

C22 H19 N3 O2 S2 422 86

C16 H14 Cl N3 O2 S2 380 87

C17 H17 N3 O3 S2 376 88

C16 H14 Cl N3 O2 S2 380 89

C17 H17 N3 O3 S2 376 90

C17 H15 N3 O4 S2 390 91

C17 H14 N4 O2 S3 403 92

C17 H16 Cl N3 O2 S2 394 93

C18 H19 N3 O3 S2 390 94

C19 H19 N3 O2 S2 386 95

C21 H23 N3 O2 S2 414 96

C17 H16 Cl N3 O2 S2 394 97

C18 H19 N3 O3 S2 390 98

C17 H16 Cl N3 O2 S2 394 99

C18 H17 N3 O4 S2 404 100

C25 H22 N4 O2 S2 589 101

C14 H17 N3 O3 S2 340 102

C14 H17 N3 O3 S2 340 103

C15 H14 N4 O2 S2 461 104

C16 H21 N3 O2 S2 352 105

C18 H17 N3 O3 S2 388 106

C16 H16 N4 O2 S2 475 107

C19 H18 N4 O2 S2 513 108

C17 H14 N4 O2 S2 371 109

C20 H17 N3 O2 S2 396 110

C21 H18 N4 O3 S2 553 111

C23 H21 N3 O3 S2 452 112

C20 H21 N3 O2 S2 400 113

C22 H23 N3 O3 S2 442 114

C17 H15 N5 O2 S2 500 115

C18 H18 N4 O3 S2 403 116

C17 H17 N5 O2 S3 420 117

C17 H16 Br N3 O2 S2 439 118

C17 H16 F N3 O2 S2 378 119

C17 H15 Cl2 N3 O2 S2 429 120

C17 H15 N3 O3 S2 374 121

C18 H19 N3 O2 S2 374 122

C17 H16 Br N3 O2 S2 439 123

C18 H19 N3 O2 S2 374 124

C17 H16 Br N3 O2 S2 439 125

C18 H19 N3 O2 S2 374 126

C18 H16 N4 O2 S2 499 127

C17 H15 F2 N3 O2 S2 396 128

C17 H15 F2 N3 O2 S2 396 129

C17 H15 F2 N3 O2 S2 396 130

C20 H23 N3 O2 S2 402 131

C18 H19 N3 O3 S2 390 132

C17 H18 N4 O2 S2 489 133

C14 H17 N3 O2 S2 324 134

C13 H17 N3 O3 S2 328 135

C14 H13 N3 O3 S2 336 136

C14 H13 N3 O3 S2 336 137

C15 H21 N3 O2 S2 340 138

C15 H21 N3 O2 S2 340 139

C15 H21 N3 O2 S2 340 140

C15 H21 N3 O2 S2 340 141

C14 H13 N5 O2 S2 348 142

C15 H15 N3 O3 S2 350 143

C14 H17 N3 O4 S2 356 144

C14 H15 N5 O2 S2 464 145

C19 H21 N3 O2 S2 388 146

C16 H16 N4 O2 S2 475 147

C19 H18 N4 O2 S2 513 148

C15 H17 N5 O2 S2 478 149

C19 H21 N3 O3 S2 404 150

C12 H16 N4 O2 S2 427 151

C20 H20 N4 O2 S2 527 152

C13 H18 N4 O2 S2 441 153

C19 H18 N4 O4 S2 431 154

C14 H17 N3 O2 S2 324 155

C15 H21 N3 O2 S2 340 156

C13 H14 N4 O3 S3 371 157

C15 H20 N4 O2 S2 467 158

C17 H22 N4 O3 S2 395 159

C14 H17 N3 O2 S2 324 160

C19 H18 N4 O2 S2 513 161

C14 H19 N3 O2 S2 326 162

C19 H21 N3 O2 S2 388 163

C16 H13 Cl2 N3 O2 S2 415 164

C17 H17 N3 O2 S2 360 165

C16 H12 F3 N3 O2 S2 400 166

C20 H18 N4 O2 S2 525 167

C20 H18 N4 O2 S2 525 168

C19 H21 N3 O2 S2 388 169

C19 H21 N3 O4 S2 420 170

C17 H16 F N3 O2 S2 378 171

C20 H23 N3 O5 S2 450 172

C18 H16 F3 N3 O2 S2 428 173

C19 H21 N3 O2 S2 388 174

C19 H21 N3 O2 S2 388 175

C18 H19 N3 O2 S2 374 176

C17 H17 N3 O3 S2 376 177

C19 H22 N4 O2 S2 517 178

C19 H21 N3 O2 S2 388 179

C19 H21 N3 O4 S2 420 180

C17 H15 F2 N3 O2 S2 396 181

C14 H15 N5 O2 S2 350 182

C15 H14 N4 O2 S2 461 183

C18 H19 N3 O3 S2 390 184

C18 H19 N3 O4 S2 406 185

C22 H19 N3 O3 S2 438 186

C17 H16 N4 O4 S2 405 187

C20 H23 N3 O2 S2 402 188

C23 H21 N3 O2 S2 436 189

C24 H23 N3 O2 S2 450 190

C23 H21 N3 O2 S2 436 191

C21 H19 N3 O2 S2 410 192

C21 H19 N3 O2 S2 410 193

C17 H15 Cl2 N3 O2 S2 429 194

C19 H21 N3 O4 S2 420 195

C18 H19 N3 O2 S2 374 196

C19 H18 F3 N3 O3 S2 458 197

C22 H27 N3 O2 S2 430 198

C18 H19 N3 O2 S2 374 199

C12 H15 N3 O2 S2 298 200

C18 H26 N4 O4 S2 427 201

C12 H13 N3 O4 S2 328 202

C11 H13 N3 O4 S2 316 203

C11 H13 N3 O3 S2 300 204

C11 H15 N3 O S2 270 205

C10 H13 N3 O S2 256 206

C17 H16 N4 O4 S2 405 207

C19 H20 N4 O2 S2 401 208

C16 H15 Br N4 O2 S2 440 209

C17 H16 N6 O2 S2 515 210

C19 H17 N5 O2 S2 526 211

C20 H23 N5 O3 S2 560 212

C16 H16 N4 O2 S2 361 213

C16 H14 F2 N4 O2 S2 397 214

C16 H15 Cl N4 O2 S2 395 215

C17 H18 N4 O3 S2 391 216

C17 H18 N4 O2 S2 375 217

C16 H15 Br N4 O2 S2 440 218

C16 H15 Cl N4 O2 S2 395 219

C16 H14 Cl2 N4 O2 S2 430 220

C17 H17 Cl N4 O3 S2 425 221

C17 H18 N4 O3 S2 391 222

C16 H15 Br N4 O2 S2 440 223

C16 H15 F N4 O2 S2 379 224

C17 H18 N4 O2 S2 375 225

C17 H18 N4 O3 S2 391 226

C16 H15 Cl N4 O2 S2 395 227

C18 H19 N5 O3 S2 418 228

C17 H18 N4 O3 S2 391 229

C18 H21 N5 O2 S2 518 230

C16 H15 F N4 O2 S2 379 231

C16 H15 F N4 O2 S2 379 232

C17 H18 N4 O2 S2 375 233

C17 H17 N5 O3 S2 404 234

C17 H15 N5 O2 S3 418 235

C17 H16 N6 O2 S2 401 236

C16 H15 N7 O2 S2 402 237

C16 H17 N5 O2 S2 490 238

C15 H20 N4 O2 S2 353 239

C17 H17 Cl N4 O2 S2 409 240

C17 H19 N5 O2 S2 504 241

C17 H19 N5 O2 S2 504 242

C19 H18 N6 O2 S3 459 243

C15 H16 N4 O2 S3 381 244

C15 H20 N4 O3 S2 369 245

C16 H20 N6 O2 S2 507 246

C18 H25 N5 O4 S2 440 247

C17 H24 N4 O2 S2 381 248

C18 H20 N4 O2 S2 389 249

C17 H18 N4 O2 S2 375 250

C18 H20 N4 O2 S2 389 251

C19 H22 N4 O2 S2 403 252

C17 H19 N5 O2 S2 504 253

C17 H17 Cl N4 O2 S2 409 254

C16 H17 N5 O2 S2 490 255

C17 H25 N5 O2 S2 510 256

C16 H17 N5 O2 S2 490 257

C17 H25 N5 O2 S2 510 258

C18 H20 N4 O2 S2 389 259

C15 H16 N4 O3 S2 365 260

C17 H16 F2 N4 O2 S2 411 261

C15 H22 N4 O2 S2 355 262

C14 H18 N4 O2 S2 339 263

C14 H20 N4 O2 S2 341 264

C15 H22 N4 O2 S2 355 265

C17 H17 Cl N4 O2 S2 409 266

C18 H20 N4 O2 S2 389 267

C18 H20 N4 O3 S2 405 268

C18 H20 N4 O3 S2 405 269

C18 H20 N4 O3 S2 405 270

C16 H22 N4 O3 S2 341 271

C14 H20 N4 O2 S2 512 272

C17 H27 N5 O2 S2 353 273

C16 H22 N4 O3 S2 425 274

C18 H24 N4 O4 S2 401 275

C19 H20 N4 O2 S2 383 276

C17 H26 N4 O2 S2 355 277

C15 H22 N4 O2 S2 433 278

C19 H20 N4 O4 S2 512 279

C16 H21 N5 O3 S2 353 280

C15 H20 N4 O3 S2 367 281

C16 H22 N4 O2 S2 389 282

C16 H21 N5 O3 S2 425 283

C18 H24 N4 O4 S2 369 284

C13 H18 N4 O2 S2 465 285

C13 H14 N6 O2 S2 493 286

C15 H18 N6 O2 S2 466 287

C12 H13 N7 O2 S2 366 288

C14 H15 N5 O3 S2 366 289

C13 H14 N6 O2 S3 409 290

C17 H17 Cl N4 O2 S2 387 291

C18 H18 N4 O2 S2 375 292

C17 H18 N4 O2 S2 405 293

C18 H20 N4 O3 S2 389 294

C17 H16 F2 N4 O2 S2 490 295

C16 H17 N5 O2 S2 476 296

C15 H15 N5 O2 S2 510 297

C15 H14 Cl N5 O2 S2 490 298

C16 H17 N5 O2 S2 490 299

C16 H17 N5 O2 S2 476 300

C15 H15 N5 O2 S2 526 301

C15 H15 N5 O2 S2 540 302

C18 H29 N5 O2 S2 526 303

C14 H19 N3 O2 S2 326 304

C21 H23 N3 O2 S2 414 305

C19 H25 N3 O2 S2 392 306

C22 H21 N3 O2 S2 424 307

C22 H21 N3 O2 S2 424 308

C15 H19 N3 O2 S2 338 309

C16 H23 N3 O2 S2 354 310

C18 H19 N3 O2 S2 374 311

C18 H16 N4 O2 S2 385 312

C20 H23 N3 O2 S2 402 313

C18 H17 F2 N3 O2 S2 410 314

C21 H23 N3 O2 S2 414 315

C18 H16 N4 O2 S3 417 316

C19 H19 N3 O4 S2 418 317

C20 H23 N3 O3 S2 418 318

C18 H18 N4 O4 S2 419 319

C18 H18 N4 O4 S2 419 320

C18 H18 N4 O4 S2 419 321

C19 H21 N3 O4 S2 420 322

C19 H21 N3 O4 S2 420 323

C18 H19 N5 O2 S3 434 324

C18 H19 N5 O2 S3 434 325

C19 H18 F3 N3 O2 S2 442 326

C18 H18 Br N3 O2 S2 453 327

C21 H25 N3 O5 S2 464 328

C23 H28 N4 O4 S2 489 329

C20 H21 N3 O2 S2 400 330

C18 H25 N3 O2 S2 380 331

C19 H21 N3 O2 S2 388 332

C27 H26 N4 O3 S2 519 333

C19 H21 N3 O3 S2 404 334

C20 H23 N3 O2 S2 402 335

C19 H21 N3 O2 S2 388 336

C19 H21 N3 O2 S2 388 337

C19 H21 N3 O3 S2 404 338

C26 H28 N4 O4 S3 557 339

C19 H27 N3 O2 S2 394 340

C22 H22 N4 O3 S2 455 341

C22 H25 N3 O4 S2 460 342

C20 H21 N3 O3 S2 416 343

C15 H19 N3 O4 S2 370 344

C20 H18 F3 N3 O2 S2 454 345

C24 H26 N4 O3 S2 483 346

C18 H19 N3 O3 S2 390 347

C20 H20 N4 O2 S2 413 348

C20 H20 N4 O2 S2 413 349

C18 H19 N3 O2 S2 374 350

C19 H18 N4 O2 S2 399 351

C17 H18 N4 O2 S2 489 352

C17 H18 N4 O2 S2 489 353

C20 H20 N4 O2 S2 413 354

C20 H24 N4 O2 S2 531 355

C21 H22 N4 O2 S2 427 356

C16 H17 N5 O4 S2 408 357

C19 H18 N6 O2 S3 687 358

C11 H15 N3 O S2 270 359

C17 H19 N3 O S2 346 360

C13 H19 N3 O S2 298 361

C22 H25 N3 O2 S2 428 362

C20 H27 N3 O2 S2 406 363

C23 H23 N3 O2 S2 438 364

C23 H23 N3 O2 S2 438 365

C16 H21 N3 O2 S2 352 366

C17 H25 M3 O2 S2 368 367

C19 H21 N3 O2 S2 388 368

C19 H18 N4 O2 S2 399 369

C21 H25 N3 O2 S2 416 370

C19 H19 F2 N3 O2 S2 424 371

C22 H25 N3 O2 S2 428 372

C19 H18 N4 O2 S3 431 373

C20 H21 N3 O4 S2 432 374

C21 H25 N3 O3 S2 432 375

C19 H20 N4 O4 S2 433 376

C19 H20 N4 O4 S2 433 377

C20 H23 N3 O4 S2 434 378

C20 H23 N3 O4 S2 434 379

C19 H21 N5 O2 S3 448 380

C19 H21 N5 O2 S3 448 381

C19 H20 Br N3 O2 S3 467 382

C22 H27 N3 O5 S2 478 383

C24 H30 N4 O4 S2 503 384

C21 H23 N3 O2 S2 414 385

C19 H27 N3 O2 S2 394 386

C20 H23 N3 O2 S2 402 387

C28 H28 N4 O3 S2 533 388

C20 H23 N3 O3 S2 418 389

C19 H20 N4 O5 S2 449 390

C21 H25 N3 O2 S2 416 391

C25 H27 N3 O3 S2 482 392

C20 H23 M3 O2 S2 402 393

C20 H23 N3 O2 S2 402 394

C20 H23 M3 O3 S2 418 395

C18 H20 N4 O2 S2 503 396

C27 H30 N4 O4 S3 571 397

C20 H29 N3 O2 S2 408 398

C23 H24 N4 O3 S2 469 399

C23 H27 N3 O4 S2 474 400

C21 H23 N3 O3 S2 430 401

C16 H21 N3 O4 S2 384 402

C21 H20 F3 N3 O2 S2 468 403

C25 H28 N4 O3 S2 497 404

C19 H21 N3 O3 S2 404 405

C21 H22 N4 O2 S2 427 406

C20 H20 N4 O2 S2 413 407

C18 H20 N4 O2 S2 503 408

C18 H20 M4 O2 S2 503 409

C21 H22 N4 O2 S2 427 410

C21 H26 N4 O2 S2 545 411

C22 H24 N4 O2 S2 441 412

C16 H19 N5 O2 S4 524 413

C20 H23 N3 O3 S2 418 414

C16 H19 N5 O2 S2 492 415

C17 H19 N5 O4 S2 422 416

C26 H34 N4 O4 S2 531 417

C24 H30 N4 O4 S2 503 418

C25 H32 N4 O4 S2 517 419

C21 H26 N4 O2 S2 545 420

C19 H22 N4 O2 S2 517 421

C20 H24 N4 O2 S2 531 422

C19 H22 N4 O2 S2 403 423

C16 H14 F2 N4 O2 S2 397 424

C16 H14 Cl2 N4 O2 S2 430 425

C18 H20 N4 O S3 405 426

C16 H14 Cl2 N4 O S3 446 427

C21 H23 N3 O2 S2 414 428

C19 H25 N3 O2 S2 392 429

C22 H21 N3 O2 S2 424 430

C22 H21 N3 O2 S2 424 431

C15 H19 N3 O2 S2 338 432

C16 H23 N3 O2 S2 354 433

C18 H19 N3 O2 S2 374 434

C18 H16 N4 O2 S2 385 435

C20 H23 N3 O2 S2 402 436

C18 H17 F2 N3 O2 S2 410 437

C21 H23 N3 O2 S2 414 438

C18 H16 N4 O2 S3 417 439

C19 H19 N3 O4 S2 418 440

C20 H23 N3 O3 S2 418 441

C18 H18 N4 O4 S2 419 442

C18 H18 N4 O4 S2 419 443

C18 H18 N4 O4 S2 419 444

C19 H21 N3 O4 S2 420 445

C19 H21 N3 O4 S2 420 446

C18 H19 N5 O2 S3 434 447

C18 H19 N5 O2 S3 434 448

C19 H18 F3 N3 O2 S2 442 449

C18 H18 Br N3 O2 S2 453 450

C21 H25 N3 O5 S2 464 451

C23 H28 N4 O4 S2 489 452

C20 H21 N3 O2 S2 400 453

C18 H25 N3 O2 S2 380 454

C19 H21 N3 O2 S2 388 455

C27 H26 N4 O3 S2 519 456

C19 H21 N3 O3 S2 404 457

C18 H18 N4 O5 S2 435 458

C20 H23 N3 O2 S2 402 459

C24 H25 N3 O3 S2 468 460

C19 H21 N3 O2 S2 388 461

C19 H21 N3 O2 S2 388 462

C19 H21 N3 O3 S2 404 463

C17 H18 N4 O2 S2 489 464

C26 H28 N4 O4 S3 557 465

C19 H27 N3 O2 S2 394 466

C22 H22 N4 O3 S2 455 467

C22 H25 N3 O4 S2 460 468

C20 H21 N3 O3 S2 416 469

C15 H19 N3 O4 S2 370 470

C20 H18 F3 N3 O2 S2 454 471

C24 H26 N4 O3 S2 483 472

C18 H19 N3 O3 S2 390 473

C18 H19 N3 O3 S2 390 474

C20 H20 N4 O2 S2 413 475

C15 H21 N3 O2 S2 340 476

C19 H18 N4 O2 S2 399 477

C17 H18 N4 O2 S2 489 478

C17 H18 N4 O2 S2 489 479

C20 H20 N4 O2 S2 413 480

C20 H24 N4 O2 S2 531 481

C21 H22 N4 O2 S2 427 482

C15 H17 N5 O2 S3 510 483

C19 H21 N3 O3 S2 404 484

C15 H17 N5 O2 S2 478 485

C16 H17 N5 O4 S2 408 486

C25 H32 N4 O4 S2 517 487

C23 H28 N4 O4 S2 489 488

C24 H30 N4 O4 S2 503 489

C19 H18 N6 O2 S3 459 490

C20 H24 N4 O2 S2 531 491

C18 H20 N4 O2 S2 503 492

C19 H22 N4 O2 S2 517 493

C13 H18 N4 O2 S2 363 494

C18 H18 F2 N4 O2 S2 425 495

C18 H18 Cl2 N4 O2 S2 458 496

C17 H18 N4 O2 S2 489 497

C18 H20 N4 O2 S2 389 498

C14 H19 N3 O2 S2 326 499

C16 H21 N3 O2 S2 352 500

C14 H19 N3 O2 S2 326 501

C14 H19 N3 O2 S2 326 502

C17 H17 N3 O3 S2 376 503

C18 H19 N3 O3 S2 390 504

C14 H19 N3 O3 S2 342 505

C21 H31 N3 O3 S2 438 506

C10 H9 Br N4 O3 S2 378 507

C19 H22 N4 O3 S2 419 508

C18 H20 N4 O2 S2 389 509

C19 H22 N4 O2 S2 403 510

C19 H22 N4 O2 S2 403 511

C15 H21 N3 O3 S2 356 512

C23 H27 N3 O2 S2 442 513

C21 H29 N3 O2 S2 420 514

C24 H25 N3 O2 S2 452 515

C24 H25 N3 O2 S2 452 516

C17 H23 N3 O2 S2 366 517

C18 H27 N3 O2 S2 382 518

C20 H23 N3 O2 S2 402 519

C20 H20 N4 O2 S2 413 520

C22 H27 N3 O2 S2 430 521

C20 H21 F2 N3 O2 S2 438 522

C23 H27 N3 O2 S2 442 523

C20 H20 N4 O2 S3 445 524

C21 H23 N3 O4 S2 446 525

C22 H27 N3 O3 S2 446 526

C20 H22 N4 O4 S2 447 527

C20 H22 N4 O4 S2 447 528

C20 H22 N4 O4 S2 447 529

C21 H25 N3 O3 S2 432 530

C21 H25 N3 O4 S2 448 531

C20 H23 N5 O2 S3 462 532

C20 H23 N5 O2 S3 462 533

C21 H22 F3 N3 O2 S2 470 534

C20 H22 Br N3 O2 S2 481 535

C23 H29 N3 O5 S2 492 536

C21 H24 N4 O3 S2 445 537

C22 H25 N3 O4 S2 460 538

C20 H29 N3 O2 S2 408 539

C21 H25 N3 O2 S2 416 540

C29 H30 N4 O3 S2 547 541

C22 H27 N3 O3 S2 446 542

C20 H22 N4 O5 S2 463 543

C22 H27 N3 O2 S2 430 544

C26 H29 N3 O3 S2 496 545

C21 H25 N3 O2 S2 416 546

C25 H32 N4 O4 S2 517 547

C26 H34 N4 O4 S2 531 548

C19 H22 N4 O2 S2 517 549

C17 H21 N5 O4 S2 424 550

C21 H31 N3 O2 S2 422 551

C24 H26 N4 O3 S2 483 552

C24 H29 N3 O4 S2 488 553

C22 H25 N3 O3 S2 444 554

C21 H25 N3 O4 S2 448 555

C21 H25 N3 O3 S2 432 556

C26 H30 N4 O3 S2 511 557

C20 H23 N3 O3 S2 418 558

C20 H23 N3 O3 S2 418 559

C20 H23 N3 O3 S2 418 560

C20 H22 N4 O5 S2 463 561

C17 H25 N3 O2 S2 368 562

C20 H23 N3 O4 S2 434 563

C19 H22 N4 O2 S2 517 564

C19 H22 N4 O2 S2 517 565

C22 H24 N4 O2 S2 441 566

C22 H28 N4 O2 S2 559 567

C23 H26 N4 O2 S2 569 568

C17 H21 N5 O2 S2 538 569

C21 H25 N3 O3 S2 432 570

C17 H21 N5 O2 S2 506 571

C18 H21 N5 O4 S2 436 572

C27 H36 N4 O4 S2 545 573

C25 H32 N4 O4 S2 517 574

C26 H34 N4 O4 S2 531 575

C21 H22 N6 O2 S3 487 576

C22 H28 N4 O2 S2 559 577

C20 H24 N4 O2 S2 531 578

C21 H26 N4 O2 S2 545 579

C20 H24 N4 O2 S2 531 580

C21 H26 N4 O2 S2 545 581

C13 H15 N3 O4 S2 342 582

C11 H13 N3 O3 S2 300 583

C11 H14 N4 O2 S2 413 584

C17 H23 N3 O4 S2 398 585

C16 H21 N3 O4 S2 384 586

C15 H21 N3 O3 S2 356 587

C18 H18 F2 N4 O3 S2 441 588

C18 H18 F2 N4 O4 S2 457 589

C15 H21 N3 O5 S2 388 590

C15 H21 N3 O4 S2 372 591

C17 H17 N3 O3 S2 376 592

C21 H22 Cl2 N4 O2 S2 498 593

C21 H22 F2 N4 O2 S2 465 594

C14 H19 N3 O2 S2 326 595

C10 H11 N3 O3 S2 286 596

C18 H19 F N4 O4 S2 439 597

C18 H19 F N4 O2 S2 407 598

C18 H19 F N4 O3 S2 423 599

C15 H21 N3 O4 S2 372 600

C14 H19 N3 O3 S2 342 601

C14 H19 N3 O4 S2 358 602

C14 H20 N4 O2 S2 341 603

C18 H19 F N4 O2 S2 407 604

C18 H18 F2 N4 O2 S2 425 605

C18 H17 F3 N4 O2 S2 443 606

C18 H19 Cl N4 O2 S2 423 607

C21 H26 N4 O2 S2 431 608

C15 H22 N4 O3 S2 371 609

C16 H24 N4 O3 S2 385 610

C19 H22 N4 O3 S2 419 611

C19 H21 F N4 O3 S2 437 612

C19 H22 N4 O3 S2 419 613

C19 H20 N4 O4 S2 433 614

C18 H27 N5 O2 S2 524 615

C17 H22 N6 O2 S2 521 616

C14 H17 N7 O2 S2 494 617

C19 H21 N5 O3 S2 432 618

C17 H19 N5 O2 S2 504 619

C22 H25 N5 O2 S2 456 620

C18 H24 N6 O2 S2 535 621

C21 H23 F N4 O2 S2 447 622

C21 H22 F2 N4 O2 S2 465 623

C21 H21 F3 N4 O2 S2 483 624

C21 H23 Cl N4 O2 S2 464 625

C24 H30 N4 O2 S2 471 626

C18 H26 N4 O3 S2 411 627

C19 H28 N4 O3 S2 425 628

C22 H26 N4 O3 S2 459 629

C22 H25 F N4 O3 S2 477 630

C22 H26 N4 O3 S2 459 631

C22 H24 N4 O4 S2 473 632

C21 H31 N5 O2 S2 564 633

C20 H26 N6 O2 S2 561 634

C17 H21 N7 O2 S2 534 635

C23 H29 N5 O2 S2 586 636

C22 H35 N5 O3 S2 472 637

C20 H23 N5 O2 S2 544 638

C25 H29 N5 O2 S2 496 639

C21 H28 N6 O2 S2 575 640

C24 H33 N3 O3 S2 Si 504 641

C23 H28 N4 O4 S2 489 642

C19 H28 N4 O2 S2 409 643

C15 H21 N3 O2 S2 340 644

C17 H23 N3 O2 S2 367 645

C24 H31 N5 O2 S2 487 646

C19 H28 N4 O2 S2 410 647

C19 H28 N4 O2 S2 410 648

C18 H27 N5 O2 S2 411 649

C16 H19 N5 O2 S2 378 650

C16 H18 N3 O S2 347 651

C17 H19 N3 O S2 346 652

C19 H22 N4 O2 S2 404 653

C19 H22 N4 O2 S2 404 654

C25 H32 N4 O3 S2 502 655

C20 H24 N4 O2 S2 418 656

C19 H23 N4 O2 S2 405 657

C18 H20 N4 O3 S2 406 658

C16 H18 N4 O3 S2 379 659

C16 H18 N4 O2 S2 363 660

C16 H17 Br N4 O S2 426 661

C19 H23 N3 O3 S2 407 662

C21 H30 N6 O S2 448 663

C19 H25 N5 O2 S2 421 664

C17 H18 N4 O2 S2 375 665

C24 H31 N5 O3 S2 503 666

C21 H26 N4 O3 S2 448 667

C17 H20 N4 O2 S2 378 668

C21 H27 N5 O3 S2 463 669

C19 H23 N5 O3 S2 435 670

C15 H17 N5 O2 S2 364 671

C19 H22 N4 O2 S2 404 672

C13 H11 N5 S2 302 673

C14 H12 N4 S2 301 674

C17 H18 N4 S2 343 675

C17 H18 N4 S2 343 676

C15 H14 N4 S2 315 677

C16 H18 N4 O2 S2 363 678

C16 H18 N4 O2 S2 363 679

C22 H31 N5 O2 S2 463 680

C20 H24 N4 O4 S2 450 681

C21 H27 N5 O S2 431 682

C21 H27 N5 O3 S2 463 683

C22 H31 N5 O3 S2 479 684

C21 H27 N5 O2 S2 447 685

C23 H29 N3 O5 S2 493 686

C23 H29 N3 O5 S2 493 687

C22 H31 N5 O S2 447 688

C22 H28 N4 O2 S2 446 689

C20 H26 N4 O2 S2 420 690

C22 H31 N5 O2 S2 463 691

C22 H28 N4 O3 S2 462 692

C25 H32 N4 O3 S2 502 693

C21 H25 N3 O4 S2 449 694

C20 H24 N4 O2 S2 418 695

C25 H34 N4 O3 S2 504 696

C24 H30 N4 O2 S2 472 697

C24 H30 N4 O3 S2 488 698

C22 H28 N4 O3 S2 462 699

C24 H33 N5 O2 S2 489 700

C23 H28 N4 O4 S2 490 701

C26 H35 N5 O2 S2 515 702

C20 H23 N3 O3 S2 419 703

C43 H49 N7 O6 S4 889 704

C20 H23 N3 O4 S3 467 705

C25 H32 N4 O4 S2 518 706

C17 H20 N4 O4 S3 442 707

C21 H24 Cl N3 O3 S2 467 708

C22 H28 N4 O4 S2 478 709

C21 H26 N4 O3 S2 448 710

C25 H32 N4 O5 S3 566 711

C22 H28 N4 O5 S3 526 712

C19 H22 N4 O4 S3 468 713

C22 H28 N4 O3 S2 462 714

C25 H34 N4 O3 S2 504 715

C22 H32 N4 O4 S2 482 716

C17 H24 N4 O2 S2 382 717

C18 H26 N4 O4 S3 460 718

C18 H26 N4 O2 S2 396 719

C24 H33 N5 O2 S2 489 720

C26 H35 N5 O2 S2 515 721

C24 H30 N4 O2 S2 472 722

C20 H24 N4 O2 S2 418 723

C24 H30 N4 O3 S2 488 724

C26 H38 N4 O2 S2 504 725

C23 H29 N5 O4 S2 505 726

C25 H32 N4 O4 S2 518 727

C25 H31 N5 O3 S2 515 728

C19 H25 N5 O3 S2 437 729

C22 H32 N4 O4 S2 482 730

C17 H24 N4 O2 S2 382 731

C18 H26 N4 O2 S2 396 732

C18 H21 N5 O2 S2 405 733

C18 H26 N4 O4 S3 460 734

C24 H30 N4 O3 S2 488 735

C26 H36 N4 O4 S2 534 

What is claimed is:
 1. A pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the formula

and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein: R₁ and R₂ are independently hydrogen, fluorine or alkyl: R₃ is aryl or heteroaryl: R₄ is alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkylalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkylalkyl; or CO-alkyl, CO-cycloalkyl, CO-aryl, CO-alkyl-cycloalkyl, CO-alkyl-aryl, CO-heteroaryl, CO-alkyl-heteroaryl, CO-heterocycloalkyl, CO-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or CONH-alkyl, CONH-cycloalkyl, CONH-aryl, CONH-alkyl-cycloalkyl, CONH-alkyl-aryl, CONH-heteroaryl, CONH-alkyl-heteroaryl, CONH-heterocycloalkyl, CONH-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or COO-alkyl, COO-cycloalkyl, COO-aryl, COO-alkyl-cycloalkyl, COO-alkyl-aryl, COO-heteroaryl, COO-alkyl-heteroaryl, COO-heterocycloalkyl, COO-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or SO₂-cycloalkyl, SO₂-aryl, SO₂-alkyl-cycloalkyl, SO₂-alkyl-aryl, SO₂-heteroaryl, SO₂-alkyl-heteroaryl, SO₂-heterocycloalkyl, SO₂-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or C(NCN)NH-alkyl, C(NCN)NH-cycloalkyl, C(NCN)NH-aryl, C(NCN)NH-alkyl-cycloalkyl, C(NCN)NH-alkyl-aryl, C(NCN)NH-heteroaryl, C(NCN)NH-alkyl-heteroaryl, C(NCN)NH-heterocycloalkyl, C(NCN)NH-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or C(NNO₂)NH-alkyl, C(NNO₂)NH-cycloalkyl, C(NNO₂)NH-aryl, C(NNO₂)NH-alkyl-cycloalkyl, C(NNO₂)N H-alkyl-aryl, C(NNO₂)N H-heteroaryl, C(N NO₂)NH-alkyl-heteroaryl, C(NNO₂)NH-heterocyloalkyl, C(NNO₂)NH-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or C(NH)NH-alkyl, C(NH)NH-cycloalkyl, C(NH)NH-aryl, C(NH)NH-alkyl-cycloalkyl, C(NH)NH-alkyl-aryl, C(NH)NH-heteroaryl, C(NH)NH-alkyl-heteroaryl, C(NH)NH-heterocycloalkyl, C(NH)NH-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or C(NH)NHCO-alkyl, C(NH)NHCO-cycloalkyl, C(NH)NHCO-aryl, C(NH)NHCO-alkyl-cycloalkyl, C(NH)NHCO-alkyl-aryl, C(NH)NHCO-heteroaryl, C(NH)NHCO-alkyl-heteroaryl, C(NH)NHCO-heterocylcloalkyl, C(N H)NHCO-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; or C(NOR₆)NH-alkyl, C(NOR₆)NH-cycloalkyl, C(NOR₆)NH-aryl, C(NOR₆)NH-alkyl-cycloalkyl, C(NOR₆)NH-alkyl-aryl, C(NOR₆)NH-heteroaryl, C(NOR₆)NH-alkyl-heteroaryl, C(NOR₆)NH-heterocycloalkyl, C(NOR₆)NH-alkyl-heterocycloalkyl; R₅ is hydrogen or alkyl; R₆ is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, cycloalkylalkyl, arylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocycloalkyl or heterocycloalkylalkyl; m is an integer of 0 to 2; and n is an integer of 1 to 3 in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and a modulator of p53 transactivation formulated as a fixed dose. 